Hardy TwoDisc MultiBoot

Ubuntu Hardy Heron Two Disc Multi Boot

This installation features Ubuntu Hardy Heron installing with Debian, Ubuntu Feisty Fawn and Windows XP Home Edition already installed in the first hard disk.
Ubuntu Hardy Heron will be installed in the second hard disk, and Hardy's GRUB will be installed in the second hard disk's MBR.

Edited Saturday, May 9 2009

This web-page is part of a larger site giving examples of how to install Windows+Ubuntu Linux operating systems 'dual boot' in a computer. Illustrated Dual Boot HomePage

This webpage is for the Ubuntu 'Hardy Heron 8.04 LTS', 'alternate CD' installer.
The released install CD is called ubuntu-8.04-alternate-i386.iso, and the md5sum is 166991d61e7c79a452b604f0d25d07f9

Ubuntu Hardy Heron has just been officially released.

This web page is has been newly updated to date for the officially released Hardy Heron 'Alternate' installation CD.

A little more editing may be done to improve this page as time goes on.

For help with the 'Desktop' Live/Install CD, I recommend Aysiu's website, and in particular, this page, http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/installing
And while you are there check out the rest of Aysiu's site too, you'll find lots of other good information there. http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/index.php

Vista users , please visit the following web-page for a Vista-specific dual boot how-to by molly_001,
DUAL BOOT VISTA and LINUX (Ubuntu 6.06) http://tinyurl.com/hrbhy

Also for Vista Users, EasyBCD
EasyBCD is NeoSmart Technologies' multiple award-winning answer to tweaking the new Windows Vista bootloader. With EasyBCD, almost anything is possible. Setting up and configuring Windows boot entries is simple, and there is no easier way to quickly boot right into Linux, Mac OS X, or BSD straight from the Windows Vista bootloader - on the fly, no expert knowledge needed!

People wanting to dual boot with two (or more) hard disks should read this great thread and links provided from it on the subject in Ubuntu Web Forums.
Thanks confused57 and lha,catlett and all participants for the information in these threads.
Dualboot Two Hard Drives

Here is is a post by lha about how to install Ubuntu with Windows in a computer with two hard disks without overwriting the IPL for the Windows bootloader in the first hard disk's MBR.
If you feel comfortable with reaching inside your computer and unplugging your hard disks physically and changing jumper settings around then possibly this idea would suit you.
This is a very good method if there is an extra hard disk available.

Trying to Dual Boot, using two HD's

Particularly note post #6.

Please read the entire Pre-install Page of this site before beginning any install.

Please read the whole page and make sure you make the appropriate preparations.

Backing up your important data before beginning any install is especially important.

This is not an official Ubuntu website

These three are | Ubuntu | Ubuntu Forums | Official Ubuntu Wiki

Here is a link to the Official Ubuntu Installation Guide, it explains all about the Debian installer.
You should read that first and look at the illustrations in this website after that.

BRIEFING
The computer used for this installation is an Acer Aspire T310 Desktop PC.
It has a 3.00 GHz Intel Pentium 4 CPU, 2 x 512 MB Main Memory, ATI 9200 Video card with 128 MB video memory, and two PATA (IDE) hard disk drives of 80.0 GB each.

This install resizes a data partition in the second hard disk to make room for the new Hardy Heron partitions. Then it creates a Linux EXT3 operating system (root) partition (primary), and the remaining space is used as a swap area.

A number of Linux enthusiasts are interested in multiple booting more than one Linux, and how to move their /home files forward from an older Linux installation to a new one.
Rather than having a separate /home partition it's a better idea to have Linux operating systems installed separately, each in their own in nice neat integral installation.
That way we have a chance to running the new operating system for a while and trying it out first to make sure everything in it works well and does everything you need before we go ahead and make it our main operating system.
If you're new to Linux and you have two installations of Linux you can use one installation for a 'sandbox', for trying out linux commands and software that you may not be familiar with. You can learnmuch faster when you're not scared of making a mistake and 'borking' your good installation.
If you are an experienced Linux user you might want to start testing Ubuntu 8.10, Intrepid Ibex, the next version of Ubuntu, when it becomes available for testing. You might replace your old Gutsy install with Interpid Ibex when that time comes.

The length of time this install might take will depend mainly on the speed of my computer.
This took me 43 minutes with this one from the start of the installation until I had Ubuntu installed and booted and ready to work with. (While pausing to edit this web page a few times).
It took me another 5 minutes to mount Debian and edit Debian's /boot/grub/menu.lst to boot the second hard disk's MBR, and reboot to try that out and make sure it works.

You should not begin an install when you have a time limit in case you have any problems. For example, don't start an install at 07:00 when you know you'll be needing your computer for work at 08:00. It is safer to install on Friday after work or Saturday if that is your day off. Then if anything goes wrong you'll have more time to fix it and be in a calm mental state. Being in a calm mental state is very important when doing this type of task, even though, as you will see, it is quite easy.

To begin, you need to place your CD in your CD-ROM drive and re-start your computer.
You should see something like the illustration below in your monitor.

As you can see, Ubuntu supports a lot of languages.
I always just choose 'English' here.

fig 3 multi

Install Ubuntu
The text mode install is the popular choice for most good professional or home users.
It's a good idea to scroll down one line and check your CD for defects first though.
I will run through the rest of the options below, but this option is the one that this web-page is mainly about.

Check the CD for defects, that is a good idea!
It only takes five minutes or so and might save you hours of frustration if you have a bad burn. You already ran an md5sum test on your .iso download too, of course. I recommend checking the CD for defects. I do that.

Rescue a broken system, (Rescue mode) this option loads a kernel and goes through similar process as the first part of the text mode install. When it gets up to about fig7 stage, it asks for a device to use a a root file system. You would choose your Linux (Ubuntu) partition, you need to know which partition that is beforehand. (It's easier if you don't have a lot of partitions to choose from, or keep a notebook, or just know it).
Rescue options are as show in this illustration below,

[!!] Enter rescue mode

Rescue operations

Execute a shell in /dev/sda2

Execute a shell in the installer environment

Reinstall GRUB boot loader

Choose a different root file system

Reboot the system

Mostly the option to use will be re-installing GRUB. Click Here to see that illustrated.

There are also lots of things you can do if you boot to a shell (rescue console). You will need to know Linux commands or be following some kind of instructions carefully. Repair instructions in the forums and the wiki sometimes advise us to execute a shell in rescue mode. To exit the shell, type the following command,
code:

# exit

That brings you back to the [!!] Enter Rescue Mode panel, from there you can re-boot or else <Go Back>. If you keep choosing <Go Back>, you will end up in the [?] Ubuntu installer main menu. From there you have a list of options. Scroll to the bottom of that to 'Abort the installation' if you don't need any of those. That will give you a confirmation screen with a warning on it. The warning only applies only to those who have progressed to an advanced stage of an install, most of the time it's safe to ignore it. The worst that can happen is Ubuntu won't be finished installing and you might need to delete re-install it if it was an interrupted installation. It is safe to ignore this warning most of the time.

See an illustration of the Ubuntu Installer Main Menu.............GO

Test Memory, you can test your computer's RAM to make sure it's okay. (Memtest86+)
(Press'Esc' to exit the Memory test after you try it out).
Note: you should enter your computer's CMOS (BIOS) first, and disable the CPU internal and external caches (L1 and L2) before running memory tests. Don't forget to re-enable those again when you are finished.

Boot from first hard disk,
This re-boots the computer.

Here is a link to the Official Ubuntu Installation Guide's, 'How the Installer Works', it explains all about the Debian installer. You should read that first and look at the illustrations in this website after that.
Here is a link to the Official Ubuntu Installation Guide's, 'Components Introduction' too.
I recommend reading the official documentation as well as looking at the pictures below here.

Now that I have explained what the other options are for, I selected 'Install Ubuntu', and pressed 'Enter'.

fig 2 home
We are now proceeding with Setting up Ubuntu Installer and Hardware Configuration
(a link to the official Ubuntu documentation).

The first decision here is an easy one.

Choose your language. Your arrow keys can move the blue rectangle up or down the list to select a language. Then press 'Enter'.

The <Go Back> option is shown in the lower left corner of almost every panel. It does the same as explained above (read <Go Back> again). Your 'Tab' key is the one to use throughout this installation for moving the red highlighting from 'Yes' to 'No' or 'Go Back'.

This can be a very handy thing to know about. For one thing, it is useful if you need to go back one or two steps and repeat something you didn't get right. There are also things you can do from the 'Ubuntu Installer Main Menu' later on, after the install. For example, if you need to re-install Grub or Lilo boot loaders to your MBR or to a partition, you might want to access these options from the Ubuntu Installer's Main Menu. You don't necessarily have to be doing an install to run the Ubuntu Install CD.
You can also use the Ubuntu Install CD's partitioner to do partitioning work if you need to.
Nowadays a GParted -- LiveCD is better for that though.

The 'Ubuntu Installer Main Menu' also offers an escape route in case something has gone wrong and you need to abort the installation and re-boot to fix something. Or it may be that you have suddenly realized you have made a mistake and wish to cancel everything and try again.
If you do find yourself wanting to do this, just be aware that the line for 'abort the installation' and it is right down below the bottom of your monitor's screen, and out of view. People may not realize they need to scroll down to find it. Highlight that and press 'Enter', and be ready to remove your CD from it's drawer or it will boot from the CD again before you know it.

!] Choose language

Based on your language, you are probably located in one of these countries or regions.

Choose a country, territory or area:

Australia ^

Botswana I
Canada
Hong Kong
India
Ireland
New Zealand
Phillipines
Singapore
South Africa
United Kingdom v

fig 3 home
Choose your country.
(Use your up or down arrow keys for scrolling, then press 'Enter')

[!] Ubuntu installer main menu

You can try to have your keyboard layout detected by pressing a series of keys. If you do not want to do this, you will be able to select your keyboard layout from a list.

Detect keyboard layout?

fig 4 home
If you have a special keyboard, you can choose <Yes> for a series of keyboard tests to help Ubuntu set up your special keyboard correctly. You will be asked to press certain keys.

I chose <No> for this, to skip the keyboard tests and move on to choose my keyboard from a list.

This will be faster.

[!!] Ubuntu installer main menu

The origin of the keyboard:

Norway
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia

Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
USA

I have a US type of keyboard so I always choose USA here, even though I live in Australia.
US keyboards are the standard type found in most countries in the world probably.

[!!] Ubuntu installer main menu

There are more than one keyboard layouts with the origin you selected. Please select the layout matching your keyboard.

Keyboard Layout:

USA - Alternative international (former us_intl)
  USA - Classic Dvorak
USA - Colemak
USA - Dvorak international
  USA - Dvorak
USA - Group toggle on multiply/divide key
  USA - International (AltGr dead keys)
  USA - International (with dead keys)
  USA - Left handed Dvorak
  USA - Macintosh
  USA - Right handed Dvorak
USA - Russian phonetic
  USA - With Eurosign on 5
  USA

Now it's asking what kind of a US type of keyboard I have.
Mine's just an ordinary one, so I just selected 'USA' once again.

detecting hardware to find CD-ROM drives

21%

Loading module 'floppy' for 'Linux Floppy'...

fig 7 home

Scanning CD-ROM

19%

Scanning /cdrom/pool/main/l...

fig 8 home

Loading additional components

45%

Retrieving Partman

fig 9 home

Detecting network hardware

21%

Detecting hardware please wait...

fig 10 home

[!!] Configure the network

Your system has multiple network interfaces. Choose the one to use as the primary network interface during the installation. If possible, the first connected network interface found has been selected.
Primary network interface:

eth0: Silicon Integrated Systems [SIS] SiS900 PCI Fast Ethernet
eth1: Broadcom Corporation BCM4318 [Airforce One 54g] 802.11g Wir

fig 11 home

I didn't really see this panel in this computer, but some people might, so I wanted to show this one to people anyway.
I get this one when I'm installing in my laptop.
This panel only appears if your machine has more than one network interface.
Normally, it's best to install with your ethernet cable plugged in if possible, and select your ethernet card as the primary network interface.

Configuring the network with DHCP

21%

This may take some time...

<Cancel>

fig 12 home

[!] Configure the network

Please enter a hostname for this system.

The hostname is a single word that identifies your system to the network. If you don't know what your hostname should be, consult your network administrator. If you are setting up your own home network, you can make something up here.

Hostname:

chonji_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 13 home
Give your new operating system a host name. The way to do this is to move the cursor to the left with your 'backspace' key, and type in whatever you like here.

Press 'Enter' when ready.

Setting up the clock

19%

Getting the time from a network time server ...

[!] Configure the clock

Select a city in your time zone:

Lord Howe Island

Hobart
Melbourne
Sydney
Broken Hill
Brisbane
Lindeman
Adelaide
Darwin
Perth

Detecting disks and other hardware

21%

Starting PC card services...

fig 14 home

Starting up the partitioner

21%

Please wait ...

End of the first stage of the install

========================================================

========================================================
Start of the partitioning stage of the install

We are now about to begin the Partitioning and Mount Point Selection phase of the installation. Please refer to the above link to the official Ubuntu documentation for a more detailed explanation of what can be done here.

[!!] Partition Disks

This installer can guide you through partitioning a disk (using different standard schemes) or, if you prefer, you can do it manually. With guided partitioning you will still have a chance later to review and customize the results.

If you choose guided partitioning for an entire disk, you will next be asked which disk should be used.

Partitioning method:

Guided - resize SCSI1 (0,1,0), partition #1 (sdb) and use freed s
Guided - use entire disk
Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM
Guided - use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM
Manual

fig 19 ntfs

This one is an important decision.

(1) The first choice 'Guided - resize SCSI1 (0,1,0), partition #1 (sdb) and use freed s)', is asking me if I want to resize (shrink) an existing partition in my second hard disk to make room for this installation of Ubuntu Hardy Heron.
Actually, that's exactly what I want to do here.
This would be the best option to choose, but only because this web page is about how to use the partitioner, I have to show the manual option instead.
For most people, either this option or the one below would work best.

(2) The second choice,'Guided - use entire disk', would erase an entire disk including whatever data or other operating system was there before.
When I choose this option, the Ubuntu installer will then ask me which hard disk I want to use. To take a peek at that panel , click this link 'Select a disk to partition'.
This would actually be the easiest and fastest choice if I wanted to dedicate an entire hard disk to Ubuntu Hardy Heron, and everything will be done for me automatically.

It will use 'Guided partitioning' to automatically make a nice integral / (root) partition and swap area installation, and that's all I want.
I can't make a webpage to tell you how to do that, there are no decisions to make, it will be too easy and no-one will be interested. Instead I'll pretend there's data there in a partition I want to remain there so I'll need to use 'manual' partitioning instead.

(3) The third choice,'Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM', will erase an entire disk and use LVM, is one I haven't tested yet, but here's a link to a website that explains what LVM is. (You'll need to scroll down a ways to get to the table of contents, from there it gets more interesting).
This is more for experts.

(4) The fourth option,'Guided - use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM', will erase an entire disk and use encrypted LVM, here is a link to an excellent web page in Softpedia that will guide you through this option,
Encrypted Ubuntu 8.04 - Step-by-step installation tutorial with screenshots!
Here are a couple of additional links about encrypted file systems, Running fsck on a LUKS encrypted partition in LVM, and Rescue an encrypted LUKS LVM volume.

(5) 'Manual' is the one I will choose to use now.
With this option I will be able to have complete control over everything that happens, and I'll be able to specify exactly what I want.

I have highlighted that one, and I press 'Enter'.

[!!] Partition Disks

This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table.
Guided partitioning
Help on partitioning

SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) -80.0 GB ATA ST380012A
#1 primary 21.3 GB B K fat32 /media/sda1
#2 primary 28.9 GB K ext3 /media/sda2
#4 primary 28.3 GB K ext3 /media/sda4
#5 logical 1.5 GB F swap swap
SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb) -80.0 GB ATA WDC WD800JB-00JJ
#1 primary 80.0 GB B K ext3 /media/sdb1

Undo changes to partititions
Finish partitioning and write changes to disk

fig 17 home

In this illustration I am being shown a list of my hard disks and thier partition tables.

The computer I am installing in now has two hard disks and both hard disks are IDE disks.

My first IDE hard disk is already full, if has Windows XP Home Edition in the first partition, Debian in the second partition and Ubuntu Feisty Fawn in the third partition, (which was given the partition number of four because the extended partition is occupying the number three).

My second hard disk has one ext3 partition occupying the entire disk, and it has a few files in it that I'm pretending I want to keep.

I am being asked to choose where I want to install Ubuntu.
If I had some free space already I might install Ubuntu in it.
Since I don't have any free space anywhere on my disks right now I will have to make some by resizing or deleting a partition.
I will choose to resize my ext3 data partition in my second hard disk and make that smaller. That will leave me some of the disk free to create a new partition in. I'll install Ubuntu there, so as you can see I have selected my #1 Primary partition in my second hard disk to do something with.

[!!] Partition Disks

You are editing partition #1 of SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb). This partition is formatted with the Ext3 journaling file system.

Partition settings:

Use as: do not use
Bootable flag: off

Resize the partition (currently 80.0 GB)

Copy data from another partition
Erase data on this partition
Delete the partition
Done setting up the partition

fig 18 multi

In this illustration I am being shown details about my #1 Primary partition in my second hard disk and being asked which setting is it that I will want to work on.

I selected the option to resize the partition.

[!!] Partition disks

Before you can select a new partition size, any previous changes have to be written to disk.

You cannot undo this operation.

Please note that the resize operation may take a long time.

Write the previous changes to disk and continue?

fig 19 home

This is called a 'confirmation screen', it's just to check that I'm aware this will change my partition table and confirm that I definitely want to go ahead with it.

[!!] Partition disks

The minimum size you can use is 15.0 GB or 18% and the maximum size is 80.0 GB.

Hint: Use "20%"(or"30%", etc.) for 20% (resp.30%, etc.) of the available free space for this partition. Use "max" as a shortcut for the maximum allowable size.

New partition size:

20.0 GB_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 20 home

REMINDER: The number keys on the row above your letters on your keyboard are best.
If you have the habit of using the number keypad, remember to apply your numlock first!

The sign is telling me the minimum and maximum size I can use for the new size for my existing (ext3 data) partition.
It is asking me what new size do I want to use for my data partition now?

I have an 80.0 GB hard disk and I only need 20.0 GB for this data, this will leave 60.0 GB of 'FREE SPACE' to divide up into more partitions.

For this install I am planning,
20.0 GB for data
59.0 GB for Ubuntu
+ 1.0 GB Swap Area (memory swap)
80.0 GB total

Don't worry about it too much. You can always resize at a later date with a GParted livecd. That operation is relatively simple nowadays.
For swap area I use 1.0 GB, that should be plenty.

Please wait ...

0%

Checking ext3 file system in partition #1 of SCSI1 (0,1,0)

Please wait ...

50%

Resizing the partition ...

[!!] Partition Disks

This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table.

Guided partitioning
Help on partitioning

SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) -80.0 GB ATA ST380012A
#1 primary 21.3 GB B K fat32 /media/sda1
#2 primary 28.9 GB K ext3 /media/sda2
#4 primary 28.3 GB K ext3 /media/sda4
#5 logical 1.5 GB F swap swap
SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb) -80.0 GB ATA WDC WD800JB-00JJ
#1 primary 20.0 GB B K ext3 /media/sdb1
pri/log 60.0 GB FREE SPACE

Undo changes to partititions
Finish partitioning and write changes to disk

fig 23 multi

Here's the new partition table, showing me the 60.0 GB 'FREE SPACE' I asked for, and my data partition has been shrunk to only 20.0 GB.

For the next step, I have selected the 60.0 GB 'FREE SPACE', to do something with.

[!!] Partition Disks

How to use this free space:

Create a new partition

Automatically partition the free space
Show Cylinder/Head/Sector information

fig 24 home

What do I want to do with this free space?
I want to create a new partition in it, so I have selected that line.

[!!] Partition disks

The maximum size you can use is 60.0 GB.

Hint: Use "20%"(or"30%", etc.) for 20% (resp.30%, etc.) of the available free space for this partition. Use "max" as a shortcut for the maximum allowable size.

New partition size:

59.0 GB_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 25 home

To set the size for the partition I want to create I typed in '59.0 GB' on this line.
This will be my new / (root) partition for the main part of the operating system and the software that comes with it for the new Ubuntu installation.

[!!] Partition Disks

Type for the new partition:

Primary

Logical

fig 26 ntfs

Now I need to tell the partitioner if this partition will be a 'Primary' partition or a logical partition.

A 'Primary' partition is a partition that will be listed in one of the four spaces in the partition table in the hard disk's Master Boot Record. We only have room there for four entries.

A 'Logical' partition can be made if we make one of the four entries in the Master Boot Record into a special 'extended' partition.
The Ubuntu installer's partitioner, 'Partman', will do this automatically if we select 'Logical'.
Inside the 'Extended' partition we can create quite a large number of 'logical' partitions. The main condition is, these are in a series or 'contiguous'. There can be a gap between them, but we mustn't seperate the logical partitions by placing any 'primary' partition between two logicals.
That would make any logical partitions on the other side of the interupting primary unuseable.

[!!] Partition Disks

Please choose whether you want the new partition to be created at the beginning or at the end of the available space.

Location for the new partition:

Beginning

End

fig 27 home

I want my new primary / partition to be at the beginning of the free space.

Please wait ...

19%

Computing the new state of the partition table

fig 28 home

[!!] Partition Disks

You are editing partition #2 of SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb). No existing file system was detected in this partition.

Partition settings:

   Use as:    Ext3 journaling file system
   Mount point: /
   Mount options:       relatime
Label: none
Reserved blocks 5%
Typical useage: standard
   Bootable flag: off

Copy data from another partition
Delete the partition
Done setting up the partition

fig 29 home

This shows the proposed settings that are currently ready to be written for my new partition, partition number 2 in my first hard disk.

Is there anything there I would like to change?

The presence of the bootable flag is an idea, to make our partition table valid. It didn't need one before because it only had data in it. We can set a boot flag with GRUB's 'makeactive' command too, but it's easy enough to do it now.
I selected the line about the boot flag.

Please wait ...

19%

Computing the new state of the partition table

[!!] Partition Disks

Copy data from another partition
Delete the partition
Done setting up the partitiion

fig 29 home

This shows the proposed settings that are currently ready to be written for my new partition, partition number 2 in my first hard disk.

Is there anything else I would like to change?

Some users might want to pick a different file system than ext3. The ext2, Reiserfs, JFS and XFS filesystems are also available.
If I selected the 'Use as' line and hit 'enter I would be given a list of filesystem choices.
Also I could choose 'swap area', EFI boot partition, physical volume for LVM, physical volume for RAID or 'do not use the partition', from that list.
I'm happy to stick with ext3.

I'll select 'Done setting up the partition'

EDIT: You can set a label for your file system by highlighting 'Label', recommended especially you are multi-booting or if you have a lot of partitions.
See also Make a label for your ext3 file system - give your ext3 file systems descriptive names or Setting a Volume Label in a Reiser File System.

[!!] Partition Disks

This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table.

Guided partitioning
Help on partitioning

SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) -80.0 GB ATA ST380012A
#1 primary 21.3 GB B K fat32 /media/sda1
#2 primary 28.9 GB K ext3 /media/sda2
#4 primary 28.3 GB K ext3 /media/sda4
#5 logical 1.5 GB F swap swap
SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb) -80.0 GB ATA WDC WD800JB-00JJ
#1 primary 20.0 GB K ext3 /media/sdb1
#2 primary 59.0 GB B f ext3 /media/sda2
pri/log 1.0 GB FREE SPACE

Undo changes to partititions
Finish partitioning and write changes to disk

fig 48 home

I only have 1.0 GB of free space left, but that's okay because all I want it a swap area.
It's all fairly simple from here.

[!!] Partition Disks

How to use this free space:

Create a new partition

Automatically partition the free space
Show Cylinder/Head/Sector information

fig 49 home

What do I want to do with this free space?
I want to create another new partition in it, so I have selected that line again.

[!!] Partition disks

The maximum size you can use is 1.0 GB.

Hint: Use "20%"(or"30%", etc.) for 20% (resp.30%, etc.) of the available free space for this partition. Use "max" as a shortcut for the maximum allowable size.

New partition size:

1.0 GB_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 50 home

It has '1.0 GB' displayed on the line already because that's all that's left, all I had to do was press 'Enter'.

[!!] Partition Disks

Type for the new partition:

Primary

Logical

fig 51 home

Please wait ...

19%

Computing the new state of the partition table

fig 52 home

[!!] Partition Disks

You are editing partition #7 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition.

Partition settings:

      Use as:    Ext3 journaling file system
   Mount point: /home
   Mount options:       defaults
Label: none
Reserved blocks 5%
Typical useage: standard
   Bootable flag: off

Done setting up the partitiion
Copy data from another partition
Delete the partition

fig 53 home

This time the red selection bar was hightlighting 'Mount Point /home', anticipaing I might want to make a separate /home partition next. I don't want a /home partition now though, I only want a swap area.
I will change the file system type to 'swap area', so I have highlighted that line, after that the Ubuntu installer will know what I want to do.

[!!] Partition Disks

How to use this partition:

Ext3 journaling file system
Ext2 file system
ReiserFS journaling file system
JFS journaling file system
XFS journaling file system
FAT16 file system
FAT32 file system

swap area
EFI boot partition
physical volume for LVM
physical volume for RAID
do not use the partition

fig 54 home

[!!] Partition Disks

You are editing partition #7 of SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda). No existing file system was detected in this partition.

Partition settings:

Use as: swap area
Bootable flag: off

Copy data from another partition
Delete the partition
Done setting up the partition

fig 55 home

The installer is smart enough to know we made a swap area, so the only thing to mount a swap area as would be as a swap area.
That saved a couple of steps.
All done!

fig 55 home

[!!] Partition Disks

This is an overview of your currently configured partitions and mount points. Select a partition to modify its settings (file system, mount point, etc.), a free space to create partitions, or a device to initialise its partition table.

Guided partitioning
Help on partitioning

SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) -80.0 GB ATA ST380012A
#1 primary 21.3 GB B fat32 /media/sda1
#2 primary 28.9 GB    ext3 /media/sda2
#4 primary 28.3 GB    ext3 /media/sda4
#5 logical 1.5 GB F swap swap
SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb) -80.0 GB ATA WDC WD800JB-00JJ
#1 primary 20.0 GB ext3 /media/sdb1
#2 primary 59.0 GB B f ext3 /media/sda2
#5 logical 1.0 GB f swap swap

Undo changes to partititions
Finish partitioning and write changes to disk

fig 56 home

That all looks okay, I'm happy to write those changes to disk now.

[!!] Partition Disks

If you continue, the changes listed below will be written to the disks. Otherwise, you will be able to make further changes manually.

WARNING: This will destroy all data on any partitions you have removed as well as on the partitions that are going to be formatted.

The partition tables of the following devices are changed:
   SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb)

The following partitions are going to be formatted:
partition #2 of SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb) as ext3
  partition #5 of SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb) as swap

Write these changes to disk?

fig 57 home
This is called the 'confirmation screen'.
This is my last chance to change my mind and <Go Back> and gain access to the Ubuntu Installer Main Menu. From there I can scroll up and reselect 'partition disks' again if there is something I don't like.
Or, I could even scroll down to the bottom of the Ubuntu Installer Main Menu and 'Abort the installation' without committing the changes to be written to my hard disk.

I use my 'Tab' key to choose 'Yes', now I'm committed, so on with the install!

End of the partitioning stage of the install
================================================================
==================================================================
Start of the final stage of the install

Partitions formatting ...

21%

Creating ext3 file system for / in partition #2 of SCSI (0,1,0) (sda)...

fig 58 home

Installing the base system

33%

Installing core packages ...

We are now about to begin the Setting up the System stage of the installation.
Please refer to the above link to the official Ubuntu documentation for more detailed advice about the questions you will be asked next.

[!!] Set up users and passwords

A user account will be set up for you to use instead of the root account for non-administrative activities.

Please enter the real name of this user. This information will be used for instance as default origin for emails sent by this user as well as any program which displays or uses the user's real name. Your full name is a reasonable choice.

Full name for the new user:

Herman_H Felder_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 62 home
I just type in my first name and surname here. You are allowed to use capital letters.
Whatever you type here will be remembered by your new system and used for automatically configuring some things like parts of your email account. Make sure you don't type anything foolish here because your e-mail recipients might be reading this some day.

[!!] Set up users and passwords

Select a username for the new account. Your first name is a reasonable choice. The username should start with a lower-case letter, which can be followed by any combination of numbers and more lower-case letters.

Username for your account:

herman_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 63 home
Your first name should automatically appear here as a default username. You can change it to a nickname if you want, and with numbers too if you like. (Check your numlock). Lower case letters only though, no capitals.

[!!] Set up users and passwords

A good password will contain a mixture of letters, numbers and punctuation and should be changed at regular intervals.

Choose a password for the new user:

****************_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 27 fat
Stuck for a password?
You need a good secure password, and also one that you can easily remember.

Try this tip: Pick any two or three letters you like. It's easy to think of three letters you'll be able to remember easily. For example I chose the letters 'vip'. Those three letters should be easy for anyone to remember. You should chose your own of course.

You may begin with the first chosen letter and use the other keys around it in either a clockwise or anticlockwise circle. Then press the first letter again. This will give you a eight character password already! It's that easy, and you only have to be able to remember the one center key that you began on and finished with.

Then go to your next letter and make a circle around that one. That gives you a sixteen character password. That should be very secure already.

If you want even more security, (AES256 encryption standard requires a minimum of 20 characters!), just do the same thing again with a third letter.

Now you have a 24 character password, and you only really need to be able to remember your two or three 'key' center letters in order to remember all 16 or 24 characters in your password.

You can also refer to the offical Ubuntu Wiki link about passwords, link here.

fig 65 home
A good secure password will be of vital importance later on if you decide to use SSH networking. Avoid using words or names or anything like that that makes any sense. There are certain people on the internet that have special software for guessing these types of passwords. ('Dictionary attacks'). A good place to learn more about networking and security in Ubuntu is here.

[!!] Set up users and passwords

Please enter the same user password again to verify you have typed it correctly.

Re-enter password to verify:

****************_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

fig 66 home
It is a good idea to write your new username and password down and keep them on a piece of paper for a while until you are sure you will remember them. You will need them to log in to your new system.

We are now about to begin the Installing the Base System and Installing Additional Software stages of the installation. Please refer to the above links to the official Ubuntu documentation for more detailed advice about what happens next.

fig 67 home

Configuring apt

40%

Scanning the mirror ...

fig 68 home

[!!] Configure the package manager

If you need to use a HTTP proxy to access the outside world, enter the proxy information here. Otherwise, leave this blank.

The proxy information should be given in the standard form of "http://[[user][:pass]@]Host[:port]/".

HTTP proxy information (blank for none):

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I always just leave this panel blank and press my 'Enter' key to skip it.
Those who need this will know what it's about, I hope.

Configuring apt

40%

Scanning the mirror ...

Select and install software

19%

Copying gimp ...

fig 70 home
It took me exactly 10 minutes to get to the start of this progress bar.

This process took about 25 minutes in my computer. This is the most time consuming part of the whole installation by a long way. This is where it all happens.
You will have time to go and boil the kettle, answer some questions in Ubuntu Web Forums or do some martial arts exercises or whatever it is you like doing with your spare time.
In an older computer this part can take a lot longer, maybe three or four times as long. Some computers can do this quicker than mine.

We are now about to begin the Making Your System Bootable part of the installation.
Please refer to the above link to the official Ubuntu documentation for more detailed advice about the options you can expect to be offered here.

Installing Grub bootloader

66%

Installing the 'grub' package...

fig 71 home

[!] Install the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk

The following other operating systems have been detected on this computer: Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition, Debian GNU/Linux (4.0), Ubuntu 7.04 (7.04).

If all of your operating systems are listed above, then it should be safe to install the boot loader to the master boot record of your first hard drive. When your computer boots, you will be able to choose to load one of these operating systems or your new system.

Install the GRUB boot loader to the master boot record?

fig 72 home
GRUB is the world's most advanced boot loader and even has its own command line interface, is fully customizable and functions as a boot manager as well.

If you choose <No> (not to install to the first hard disk's MBR), you will be given an opportunity to specify somewhere else you might like GRUB installed, and this is the option I chose this time because I want to install the second hard disk's GRUB to the second hard disk's MBR this time.
I already have GRUB from a Debian installation in the MBR of my first hard disk.

If you choose '<Yes>', the GRand Unified Bootloader's stage1 code will be written in the MBR of your first hard disk or whichever hard disk it guesses is your first hard disk.
That's the default and it's the option most people will want to do.
This will overwrite whatever boot loader code the MBR had in it before.
This is code will to make the MBR point to GRUB's stage2 file in Hardy Heron rather than to whatever boot loader you had previously.
Other operating systems in the computer will be detected by the Ubuntu installer and automatically added to Hardy Heron's new GRUB menu.

GRUB's optional stage1_5 will be written to about the next fifteen sectors of the first track of the first hard disk, which is normally empty and reserved for this type of use.

I have added some information in the 'MBR Page' of this web site for a more detailed explanation of what actually happens here.

If you choose <Go Back> you will be placed in the 'Ubuntu Installer Main Menu', where you can scroll down just one line and install Lilo bootloader instead. LiLo Page
There are choices available as to where you would like to install Lilo.
The MBR of your first hard disk, or your second hard disk, or the first sector of your Ubuntu partition are all popular choice for where to install the stage1 code for Lilo...............................GO

(If you click a link to another page don't forget to use your 'Back' button to return here again).

Below is a table showing GRUB's device numbering system and how it compares with Linux's numbering system.
GRUB always begins counting from zero, and some people find that confusing. It's quite simple once we have the idea, this table may help if you're not sure,

Description in English	GRUB's naming convention
hard drive one hard drive two hard drive three hard drive four floppy disk drive	GRUB begins counting drives at zero (hd0) (hd1) (hd2) (hd3) ... and so on. (fd0) GRUB 's naming convention requires the letters and numbers to be enclosed in brackets
first partition second partition third partition fourth partition	GRUB begins counting partitions at zero 0 1 2 3 ... and so on for putting these together see below,

Description in English	Linux terms	GRUB terminology
hard drive one, partition one	/dev/sda1	(hd0,0)
hard drive one, partition two	/dev/sda2	(hd0,1)
hard drive one, partition three	/dev/sda3	(hd0,2)
hard drive one, partition four	/dev/sda4	(hd0,3)
hard drive one, partition five	/dev/sda5	(hd0,4)
hard drive one, partition six	/dev/sda6	(hd0,5)
hard drive one, partition seven	/dev/sda7	(hd0,6)
hard drive one, partition eight	/dev/sda8	(hd0,7)
hard drive two, partition one	/dev/sdb1	(hd1,0)
hard drive two, partition two	/dev/sdb2	(hd1,1)
hard drive two, partition three	/dev/sdb3	(hd1,2)
hard drive two, partition four	/dev/sdb4	(hd1,3)
hard drive three, partition one	/dev/sdc1	(hd2,0)
hard drive four, partition one	/dev/sdd1	(hd2,0)
hard drive five, partition one	/dev/sde1	(hd2,0)

[!!] Configuring grub

You need to make the newly installed system bootable, by installing the GRUB boot loader on a bootable device. The usual way to do this is to install GRUB to the master boot record of your first hard drive. If you prefer, you can install GRUB elsewhere on the drive, or to another drive, or even to a floppy.

The device can be specified using GRUB's "hdn,m)" notation, or as a device in /dev. Below are some examples:
- "(hd0)" or "/dev/hda" will install GRUB to the master boot record of your first hard drive (IDE);
- "(hd0,1)" or "/dev/hda2" will use the second partition of your first IDE drive;
- "(hd2,4)" or "/dev/sdc5" will use the first extended partition of your third IDE drive;
- "(fd0)" or "/dev/fd0" will install GRUB to a floppy.

Device for boot loader installation:

(hd1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

This will install GRUB's stage1 to MBR in my second hard disk,
stage1_5 to the first track of my second hard disk,
and stage2 will be in my Ubuntu file system, in /boot/grub.

Installing Grub bootloader

6%

Running grub-install (hd1)

fig 73 home

Here is the link to what the official Ubuntu documentation has to say about Finishing the Installation and Miscellaneous.

Please refer to the above links for the correct details about what happens.

Finishing the installation

25%

Storing language ...

fig 74 home

[!!] Finish the installation
Installation complete

Installation is complete, so it is time to boot into your new system. Make sure to remove the installation media (CD-ROM, floppies), so that you boot into the new system rather than restarting the installation.

fig 75 home
At this point, my CD drawer pops open automatically and I remove my CD from it and press 'Enter'.
Some computers might not have a CD drawer with a mechanism to open the CD-ROM drawer automatically. If this is the case, you should remove your CD manually. When I have installed GRUB to MBR, as most of us do, all I need to do is press 'enter', for the computer to re-boot and continue with the rest of the install.

For those who chose not to install Grub to their Master Boot Record, now is the time to make sure that whatever you are re-booting with, (Super Grub Disk or GAG Boot Manager or the like), is ready and placed in its drive to re-boot the computer after you press 'enter'.

Finishing the installation

90%

fig 76 home

sending sigkill to all processes ...
Please standby while rebooting the system

fig 77 home

Ubuntu, Feisty Fawn, configfile boot on /dev/hda4
Debian GNU/LINUX, kernel 2.6.18-4-686
Debian GNU/LINUX, kernel 2.6.18-4-686 (single-user mode)
Ubuntu, memtest86+
Other operating systems:
Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
reboot
halt

Use the | and | keys to select which entry is highlighted.
Press enter to boot the selected OS, or 'e' to edit the
commands before booting, or 'c' for a command-line.

The highlighted entry will be booted in 10 seconds.

fig
This is my GRUB menu from my Debian operating system in my first hard disk.
Since I decided not to install Hardy Heron's GRUB to MBR in my first hard disk, I can't expect my computer to boot my new Hardy Heron installation without some help.

I could use Super Grub Disk, if I have one ready, Super Grub Disk Page.

Since I know how to work with GRUB from the command line, it's easier for me to just press my 'c' key for GRUB's Command Line Interface., and boot that way for now instead.

grub> root (hd1)

grub> chainloader +1

grub> boot

Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic
Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, memtest86+
Other operating systems:
Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-4-686 (on /dev/sda2)
Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-4-686 (single user mode)
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20-16-generic (on /dev/sda4)
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20-16-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20-15-generic (on /dev/sda4)
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20-15-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, memtest86+ (on /dev/sda4)

This is my new Hardy Heron Grub menu in my second hard disk.
I will edit this later and clean it up. I may add more operating systems in the second hard disk at a later date and I only want operating systems in the second hard disk listed here from now on.

To use the GRUB boot loader, you just click 'Enter' and it will boot into Ubuntu.
If you don't click 'Enter', it will still boot Ubuntu after ten seconds.
For more detailed information about how to use GRUB Boot Loader in Ubuntu, visit my GRUB Page.

See this site's GRUB Page for more information on GRUB.

Ubuntu is booting up, this is called the 'usplash' screen, which shows the progress so we can see that something is happening while Ubuntu is booting.

fig 80 home

Here's my new login screen for Ubuntu!

I enter my username and password here.

fig 81 home
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Ubuntu!
When you have made it this far, your new desktop should be similar to the one shown in the illustration above.

For help with your new install, Hardy Heron has an excellent help menu, and there is a world of support at Ubuntu Web Forums and the Official Ubuntu Wiki and many other locations.

Ubuntu Forums | Official Ubuntu Wiki

Enjoy exploring your new Ubuntu operating system!

Now that you have Ubuntu installed you can have all kinds of fun, you can make animations like this with the Gnu Image Manipulation Program, (GIMP for short).

Configuring the boot loader

To boot GRUB in my second hard disk so it will be easier to boot from now on, I just need to add a few lines to my /boot/grub/menu.lst from the Debian installation in my first hard disk.

If I have an icon on my desktop for my debian partition, that means my debain file system is already mounted in /etc/fstab.
If not. I'll need to open a terminal and mount it or else boot debian to edit /boot/grub in debian.
This link shows how I can mount my Debain file system manually if necessary, and gain access to Debain's /boot/grub/menu.lst, for editing,
Mount a Ubuntu ext3 or reiserfs filesystem.

It will be necessary to open Debian's /boot/grub/menu.lst from a terminal using a 'sudo' command to gain root priveleges in order to be able to save the changes.

And here's the booting stanza I will add to Debain's /boot/grub/menu.lst,

title boot MBR of second hard disk
root (hd1)
chainloader +1

If you have several hard disks in the computer, you can have a boot loader in the MBR of each hard disk set up to boot the operating systems in it's own hard disk, or chainload the next hard disk. That saves having too much congestion in one GRUB menu.
There are other ways to set up dual booting for multiple Linux operating systems. Visit this link, Operating System Entries for Multiple Booting More Linux Systems

Transferring Your Files
After you test Hardy Heron out for a short time and make sure you can do everything in it you want, you may decide to transfer your files into it and make it into your primary operating system.
That would only take a few minutes. All you have to do is open one of the icons on the Desktop. Choose the one that will open your present primary operating system, navigate to the /home/username directory and start copying files. It's very simple.
If you want you can use a program like sbackup and srestore (short for 'simple backup' and 'simple restore', those work very well.
Backup alternative: sbackup « /home/liquidat

Backing Up Data In Ubuntu Using sBackup - Make Tech Easier

Otherwise, the files you might want to move include your email, contacts, calendar and so on. If you need more information on where to find everything, visit this website's Back Up and Restore page.

select a disk to partition

[!!] Partition Disks

Note that all data on the disk you select will be erased, but not before you have confirmed that you really want to make the changes.

Select disk to partition:

SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda)- 80.0 GB ATA ST380012A
SCSI1 (0,1,0) (sdb)- 80.0 GB ATA WDC WD800JB-00JJ

<Go Back>

HINT: When you are finished looking at this panel you can click the 'back' arrow on your browser to get back to where we left off.