Infancy and Childhood Revision Questions

1. Two hormones (secreted by the ovaries) that influence the development of breasts in females at puberty. [293]

2. Each breast consists of 15 to 25 sections, each of which is subdivided into a number of smaller sections. [293]

3. The numerous little glandular sacs which make up the walls of each lobule and which are the milk-secreting regions of the breasts. [293]

4. The initiation and maintenance of milk secretion, as well as the delivery of milk to the infant. [293]

5. A hormone, produced by the pituitary gland late in pregnancy, that promotes growth and development of the breasts, and milk secretion. [294]

6. The first secretion from the breast, a watery yellowish-white liquid which has a similar composition to milk, but little fat and a high content of the mother’s antibodies. [294]

7. The reflex which causes milk to flow, once the nipples are suckled. [294]

8. A hormone, released by the posterior part of the pituitary gland, that triggers the contraction of the milk-filled lobules of the breast, ejecting milk into the ducts. [294-5]

9. The most common form of cancer in women. [298]

10. Actions that are automatic and unlearned. At birth, the few things that an infant can do without thinking are sucking, crying, swallowing and blinking. [298]

11. The unconditional love (or affection or warmth) that parents give to their baby. [300]

12. At birth, {2 words} babies are, on average, 50 cm long, and weigh 3.3 kg, with males being slightly larger in all body dimensions. [301]

13. When babies learn to control movement of part of the body, they are said to be developing these {2 words}. [302]

14. The development of motor skills such as grasping, throwing, walking, running, riding a bicycle or writing. [302-3]

15. The pattern of motor development means that movements of the head develop earlier than those of the hands, and so on. [303]

16. The pattern of motor development means that movement of parts of the limbs close to the body are controlled first, and that fine movements of the fingers are the last to be mastered. [303]

17. The pattern of motor development is that larger muscle movements develop before finer muscle movements. [303]

18. The process of social development that results in the infant learning to behave in a manner that is accepted by other people. [304]

19. A skill that involves the co-ordination of the muscles of the larynx and the interpretation of the sounds produced. [304]

20. A special doctor whose field is the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of children from birth to adolescence. [305]

Mark it!

A. Walks down stairs placing one foot on each step.
B. Controls bladder during the day.
C. Smiles.
D. Crawls.
E. Does up shoe laces and buttons.
F. Controls bladder during the night.
G. Sits up.
H. Walks unaided.

(a) solitary play.
(b) parallel play.
(c) co-operative play.