D406 Human Biology 11 COTHS Pregnancy 2007

| Word Building | Timetable | Checklist | Revision |

D406 HUMAN BIOLOGY 11

Unit 2: Continuity of the human species 2.3 Pregnancy a) Implantation, cell multiplication and specialisation. b) The three primary tissues. c) The embryo (weeks 0-8) and fetus (weeks 9-39). d) Milestones of development: heart beat, limb buds and ossification. e) Role and development of amnion, chorion and placenta. f) The impact of parental lifestyle choices on the healthy growth and development of the embryo/fetus. g) Prenatal care. h) Signs and symptoms of the birth process. i) Changes to mother and child during birth. j) Post-natal care. k) Genetic potential and environmental determination. l) Natural birth, induction, breech. m) Caesarean, Leboyer, home and hospital births. n) Defects due to abnormal birth. o) SIDS (cot death). p) Environmental and genetic causes of birth defects. Rubella, alcohol, smoking, diet, radiation, mutagenic agents, chromosomal and gene mutations. q) Birth defects: types and frequencies: Down syndrome, cleft lip, spina bifida, PKU, muscular dystrophy. r) Genetic screening and counselling, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, karyotypes, fetoscopy and ultrasound, abortion.

D406 HUMAN BIOLOGY 11

Unit 2: Continuity of the human species General objectives: On completion of Unit 2, you should be able to: explain that cells carry out the life-sustaining processes of cellular respiration, synthesis and growth explain how the structures of tissues, cells and cellular organelles are related to the functions that they perform describe the role of DNA, enzymes and ATP in cellular metabolism discuss the nature, types and causes of cancer, preventative measures and treatments relate the structure of reproductive cells and organ systems to the functions they perform explain how decisions relating to sexual behaviour, the control of pregnancy and treatment of infertility involve consideration of relevant physiological, social and moral factors discuss the structural, physiological, behavioural and intellectual changes that occur during human development and senescence explain how genetic and environmental factors influence all aspects of human development and senescence describe the causative organisms, effects of and treatments for, sexually transmitted diseases and the social factors influencing their spread demonstrate competence in preparing wet mount slides, staining slides by irrigation, and using a monocular microscope to observe slides using both low and high power objective lenses demonstrate an interest in the scientific study of human problems and be willing to use scientific approaches to dealing with these problems display empathy towards individuals with physical, social and intellectual disabilities. Unit 2 is broken up into the following units. The content covered in each of these topics is listed below. The points in normal type can be expected to be covered in tests. The points typed in italics at the end of each topic are not always covered and if they are, they are assessed in work other than tests. 2.1 Cell Structure and Metabolism 2.2 Reproduction 2.3 Pregnancy 2.4 Infancy and Childhood 2.5 Adolescence, Adulthood and Senescence