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Recorder Iconography

Compiled by Nicholas S. Lander

C

Jaume Cabrera (15th century), Spain

Giuseppe Antonio Caccioli

Italian frescoist and ceiling painter; born 1672, died 1740.

Giacinto Calandrucci (1646-1707), Italian

Italian painter and draughtsman, executed various decorative and mythological frescos as well as idyliic pastoral scenes, and altarpieces; born Palermo (1646), died Palermo (1707).

Jan Steven [Johannes Stephanus] van Calcar

North Netherlandish artist active in Italy; strongly influenced by Titian with whom his work is often confused; his chief claim to fame is his woodcut illustration of Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica (1543), an anatomical text book; born Kalkar (1499), died Naples (1546/1550).

Jacques Callot

French engraver, etcher and draughtsman of prodigious output who combined the sophisticated techniques and exaggerations of late Mannerism with witty and acute observation; one of the chief exponents of the bizarre and grotesque, much in vogue in the reign of Louis XIII; born Nancy (1592/4); died 1635.

Dionys [Denijs, Denis, Dionisio Fiamingo] Calvaert [Caluwaert]

Italian painter whose oeuvre is composed almost exclusively of religious works ranging in size from vast altarpieces to small devotional pictures on copper; born Anversa (1540), died Bologna (1619).

Pier Paolo Calzolari (1943-)

Italian sculptor, working in textiles, clay, metal; born Bologna (1943).

Luca Cambiaso

Italian sculptor and painter of the school of Genoa; his works include biblical and classical subjects; born Moneglia, Genova (1527), died Madrid (1585).

Adam Camerarius (op. 1644-1685), Dutch

Domenico Campagnola

Italian painter and draftsman of German extraction who often passed his engravings, woodcuts and drawings off as Titians; his own prints are executed in an unusually flowing and sketchy technique and include enigmatic, pastoral themes; born ?Padua (before 1500), died Padua (1564); adopted son of Giulio Domenico (ca 1482-1516).

Giulio Campagnola

Italian painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving; praised by his contemporaries for his artistic gifts, his knowledge of Greek, Latin and Hebrew, and his skills as a musician, singer and lute-player; born Padua (ca 1482), died Venice (1516).

Pedro Campana or Petrus Campania or Companicusis or Peter Campener – see Peter de Kempener

Jacob van Campen [or Kampen]

Dutch architect, one of the leaders of a group of architects who created a restrained architectural style that was suited to the social and political climate of the Netherlands; born Haarlem (1595), died Huis Randenbroek, near Amersfoort (1657).

Peter Campener – see Peter de Kempener

Campi

Italian dynasty of painters from Cremona, active there and in Milan during the 16th century.

Giulio Campi

Italian architect and painter who combined elements of the styles of Raphael and Coreggio and founded a school of his own at Cremona; his numerous paintings include portraits, classical and religious subjects; born Cremona (p. 1507), died Cremona (1573); son of the artist Galeazzo Campi (ca1475-1536); brother of Cavaliere Antonio Campi (ca1536-1591), Vincenzo Campi (1532-1591) and Bernardino Campi (1522 – ca 1590) – all artists.

Peter Candid [Pietro di Pietro Candido, Pieter de Witte] (ca 1548-1628)

Netherlandish painter, tapestry designer and draughtsman, active in Italy and Germany; one of several Italian-trained Mannerist artists employed by the courts of Europe; the leading figure in Munich from 1600 to 1628; born Bruges (ca 1548), died Munich (1628).

Antonio Canova

Italian sculptor, painter, draughtsman and architect; the most influential sculptor of the Neoclassical movement who often combined a classicising format with a naturalistic presentation of features; he worked for a galaxy of European notables; born Possagno (1757), died Venice (1822).

Simone Cantarini, 'Il Pesarese'

Italian painter and engraver who developed a highly original style, which united aspects of Bolognese classicism with a bold naturalism; born Pesaro (1612), died Verona (1648).

Gustav Jakob Canton (1828-1885), German

Estella Canziani (1887-1964)

Italian-born artist working in England where she was an active member of the Folk-Lore Society; her works include portraits, landscapes, and illustrations drawn from fantasy and folklore; born Milan (1887), died London (1964); daughter of the fairy painter Louisa Starr.

Francesco Capella, called 'il Daggiù'

Italian painter; born Venice (1711), died Bergamo (1784).

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Italian painter of great originality and influence, regarded by many as an 'evil genius'; early works are usually small pictures of non-dramatic subjects, still-life, and a distinctly homo-erotic character; later works mainly large-scale religious pictures; born Caravaggio (1571); died Port Ercole (1609/1610).

Taborda Vlame Frey Carlos (fl.1517-1540), Dutch.

Adriaen Carpentier (op. 1739-1778), French

Giovanni Cariani = Giovanni Busi

Vittore Carpaccio

Italian painter, a specialist in teleri, the large narrative paintings on canvas which adorned the scuole – charitable confraternities characteristic of Venice; born Venice (1460/5), died Venice (1525/6).

Giulio Carpione [Carpioni]

Italian painter and etcher, known for religious mythological, allegorical paintings and decorative friezes, but his most original works are his small bacchanals, indebted to Titian and to Testa, whom he interpreted with wit and a melancholy charm; active predominantly in Verona, also in Venice and Padua; born Venice (1611), died Verona (1674).

Agostino Carracci

Italian (Bolognese) painter, engraver and draughtsman; the moving spirit of the Bolognese school; born Bologna (1557), died Parma (1602); brother of Annibale (1560-1609) and cousin to Lodovico (1555-1619).

Annibale Carracci

Italian (Bolognese) painter, draughtsman and printmaker, considered one of the greatest Italian painters of his age; his eclectic style is said to have rescued the great traditions of Italian art, from Giotto to Raphael, from the twin evils of Mannerism on the one hand and unbridled realism on the other; he painted in a number of genres including mythological, biblical and landscape scenes and caricature (of which he is said to have been the first exponent); born 1560, died 1609; brother of Agostino (1557-1602), and cousin to Lodovico (1555-1619).

Ludovico [Lodovico] Carracci

Italian painter, draghtsman, etcher and printmaker, noted for his religious compositions and for the art academy he helped found in Bologna in 1582, which helped renew Italian art in the wake of Mannerism; his later work became overblown and eccentric, displaying a curious ‘gigantism’; born Bologna (1555), died Bologna (1619); cousin to Annibale (1560-1609) and Agostino (1557-1602).

Michiel Carree

17th century Dutch artist active in Den Haag; son of Franziskus Carree.

Cristoforo Caselli [Castelli] (da Parma) [called 'Il Temperelli' or 'Il Temperello"] (1461 – before 1520), Italian

Italian painter of religious works which were characterised by an individual narrative style; born Parma (ca 1461), died Parma (before 1521).

Nicola Casissa (op. 1730), Italian

Francesco Cassone (19th century), Italian

Luis Pereira da Costa

Portuguese woodcarver and decorator; 18th century.

Bellerophonte Castaldi

Italian theorbo player from Modena; born ca 1581, died 1649.

Abdón Castañeda

Spanish painter; born ca 1580, died Valencia (1629).

Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (by name Il Grechetto, French Le Benèdette)

Italian artist, equally at home on an intimate scale and in monumental works, in rustic, genre and in the grand manner; his works abound in animals; inventor of the monotype technique – a single print made from an unincised cooper plate painted in oils or printer's ink; born Genoa (1609), died Mantua (1670).

Luigi Catani

Italian decorative painter and stuccoist; known for his monochrome depictions of historical and mythological themes; born Prato (1762); died 1840.

Sigismondo Caula

Italian artist; born Modena (1637), died ca 1694.

Louis de Caullery

Flemish artist; born ? Courtray (before 1582), died Antwerp (1621/22).

Bartolomeo Cavarozzi [del Crescenzi]

Italian painter, active also in Spain; born Viterbe (ca 1600), died Rome (1625).

Cecco del Caravaggio = Francesco Buoneri

Cenni di Francesco di Ser Cenni

Italian painter and manuscript illuminator, noted for his eclectic style, his use of perspective to create depth, his strong sense of narrative, and his often elongated figures; active 1369-1415.

Giovanni [Gian] Domenico [Perugino, Cavaliere] Cerrini

Italian painter and draughtsman whose work is characterised throughout by clear and unitary composition, the almost statuesque postures of the figures, and a chiaroscuro softness; born Pérouse (1609), died Rome (1681).

Carlo Ceresa

Italian artist; known for his distinguished portraits, religious subjects; born San Giovanni Bianco, near Bergamo (1609), died Bergamo (1679).

Giacomo [Jacop] Ceruti [il Pitocchetto] (1698-1767), Italian

Italian painter, one of a group of artists working in Bergamo and Brescia who observed reality with an unusual freshness and directness; painted religious subjects and portraits but was most distinguished as a painter of genre and low-life scenes which included many pictures of beggars and vagabonds ( pitocchi), hence his nickname ‘il Pitocchetto’; born Milan (1698), died Milan (1767).

Amidano Giulio Cesare – see Sisto Rossa Badalocchio

Bartolomeo Cessi

Italian painter and draughtsman, possibly also a sculptor, known for his religious frescos and paintings in a sober devotional style; born Bologna (1556), died Bologna (1629).

Marc Chagall [Mark Zakharovich Shagal]

Russian-born artist, book-illustrator and designer of stained glass and theatrical costumes, active mainly in Paris and later in the USA; he combined images from the Jewish life and folklore of his native Russia with those from the Bible to create a highly distinctive style remarkable for its sense of fantasy; born Pestkovatik, Belorussia (1887), died Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (1985).

Thomas Chambars – see Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Jerome François Chantereau [Chanterau or Chantreau] (ca 1710-1757), French

Jeanne Norman Chase

Contemporary American (US) etcher, painter, printmaker working in California. Web Page

Joseph Christian (18th century), German

Joseph Christophe (1661-1748), French

Petrus Christus [or Cristus or Christophorus]

Flemish painter who became the leading painter in Bruges after the death of Jan van Eyck in 1441, and thus kept the late Gothic style alive in the Netherlands; born Baerle-Duc [now Baarle-Hertog] (ca 1410), died Bruges (1475-1476).

Conte Carlo Cignani

Italian painter and draughtsman who bore the title of Conte and, it was said, 'always worked for glory, not for need’; the leading master in Bologna during the later decades of the 17th century; the gentle manner and reflective, intimate mood of his work marks a break with the more energetic style of earlier Bolognese classicism; born Bologna (1628), died Forlì (1719).

Lodovico Cigoli [Lodovico Cardi; il Cigoli]

Italian painter, draughtsman, architect and scenographer; one of the most influential artists in 17th-century who introduced a new clarity and naturalism which led to the distinctively Florentine baroque style; born Castello di Cigoli, near San Miniato (1559), died Rome (1613).
  • Adoration of the Shepherds (ca 1601-1602), oil on canvas, 98.5 × 61 cm, Lodovico Cigoli (1559-1613). Hartford: Wadsworth Atheneum. Ref. Zafran (2004: 54-55, pl. - col.) At centre-right a shepherd boy with puffed cheeks lays a small cylindrical duct-flute, and an old bearded shepherd next to him holds a lamb with its legs tied, a basket of eggs beside him – all symbolic details. The window/labium of the pipe is clearly depicted, and the young lad plays with all fingers down, except finger 6, with the right hand uppermost. The little finger of the lowermost (left) hand appears to be in a hole-covering position, but higher up, although the fingers are down, two finger-holes are fully visible under the right hand and one partly under the left-hand.

    • Cima da Conegliano [Giovanni Battista]

    Italian painter, named after the town of his birth; known for his quiet devotional scenes, often in landsape settings, in the manner of Giovanni Bellini; sometimes called 'the poor man's Bellini', but because of his calm and weighty figures he was also known in the 18th century as 'the Venetian Mascaccio'; born Conegliano (ca 1459), died ?Conegliano (1517/18).

    Michelangelo Cinganelli (1580-ca 1635), Italian

    Antonio Ciocci [Cioci] (op. 1722-ca 1792), Italian

    Giacomo-Francesco Cipper (or Zippa), called 'Il Todeschino' [or 'Todeschini']

    Austrian-born artist active in Italy; celebrated for his paintings of scenes from everyday life; born Feldkirch or Bregenz (?1664), died Milan (1736).

    Pieter Claesz. or Claese (also called Pieter Claexz. van Haarlem)

    Dutch painter who achieved a striking simplicity and atmospheric quality in still-life representations, many of which represent magnified sections of objects found 'accidentally' on the corner of a table, such as a knife, a plate of fruit, a piece of cut cake, or even a gutted fish; born in Burgsteinfurt, Westphalia (ca 1597/8), died Haarlem (1661).

    Jacques de Claeuw [Jacques Grief]

    Dutch artist; born Dordrecht (ca 1620), died after 1694.

    Jaques Claramunt (contemporary)

    Greg Clarke

    Contemporary US book, magazine and comic illustrator who works in watercolor or oils to create sophisticated characters in humorous yet heartfelt situations.

    Claude Gellée (Gellee or Gillee) [called Claude Lorrain(e), or Le Lorrain(e)]

    French painter, draughtsman and etcher, active in Rome; best known for, and one of the greatest masters of, ideal-landscape painting, an art form that seeks to present a view of nature more beautiful and harmonious than nature itself; his distinctive contribution to the ideal-landscape genre was to use light as the principal means both of unifying the composition and of lending beauty to the landscape; he was also able to introduce into the artificial formula, to an unusual degree, effects studied from nature; born Chamagne near Mirecourt, Lorraine(1600), died Rome (1682).

    William J.M. Clayton

    Contemporary British painter of still-lifes.

    Clement de Jonghe – See Paulus Pieterz. Potter

    Hendrick de Clerck

    Flemish painter and draughtsman; court painter to the governors of the southern Netherlands; born (?1570), died Brussels (1630).

    Joos van (or Joos van (der Beke) Cleve (or Cleef)

    Netherlandish artist dentified with Master of the Death of the Virgin; born Antwerp (1480-1490), died 1540/1541.

    Francis [Franz] Cleyn

    German-born painter, designer, illustrator and printmaker; named court painter by James I of England in 1624, and designer of the famous Mortalke tapestries, also produced a small number of etchings; born Rostock, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1582), died London (1658).

    John Closterman (also spelled Cloosterman, or Klosterman)

    German portraitist who painted in Paris, England and at the Spanish court; born Osnabrück, Germany (1656), died London (1711); older brother .of John Baptist Closterman.