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Recorder Iconography

Compiled by Nicholas S. Lander

C

Jaume Cabrera (15th century), Spain

Giuseppe Antonio Caccioli

Italian frescoist and ceiling painter; born 1672, died 1740.

Giacinto Calandrucci (1646-1707), Italian

Italian painter and draughtsman, executed various decorative and mythological frescos as well as idyliic pastoral scenes, and altarpieces; born Palermo (1646), died Palermo (1707).

Jan Steven [Johannes Stephanus] van Calcar

North Netherlandish artist active in Italy; strongly influenced by Titian with whom his work is often confused; his chief claim to fame is his woodcut illustration of Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica (1543), an anatomical text book; born Kalkar (1499), died Naples (1546/1550).

Jacques Callot

French engraver, etcher and draughtsman of prodigious output who combined the sophisticated techniques and exaggerations of late Mannerism with witty and acute observation; one of the chief exponents of the bizarre and grotesque, much in vogue in the reign of Louis XIII; born Nancy (1592/4); died 1635.

Dionys [Denijs, Denis, Dionisio Fiamingo] Calvaert [Caluwaert]

Italian painter whose oeuvre is composed almost exclusively of religious works ranging in size from vast altarpieces to small devotional pictures on copper; born Anversa (1540), died Bologna (1619).

Pier Paolo Calzolari (1943-)

Italian sculptor, working in textiles, clay, metal; born Bologna (1943).

Luca Cambiaso

Italian sculptor and painter of the school of Genoa; his works include biblical and classical subjects; born Moneglia, Genova (1527), died Madrid (1585).

Adam Camerarius (op. 1644-1685), Dutch

Domenico Campagnola

Italian painter and draftsman of German extraction who often passed his engravings, woodcuts and drawings off as Titians; his own prints are executed in an unusually flowing and sketchy technique and include enigmatic, pastoral themes; born ?Padua (before 1500), died Padua (1564); adopted son of Giulio Domenico (ca 1482-1516).

Giulio Campagnola

Italian painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving; praised by his contemporaries for his artistic gifts, his knowledge of Greek, Latin and Hebrew, and his skills as a musician, singer and lute-player; born Padua (ca 1482), died Venice (1516).

Pedro Campana or Petrus Campania or Companicusis or Peter Campener – see Peter de Kempener

Jacob van Campen [or Kampen]

Dutch architect, one of the leaders of a group of architects who created a restrained architectural style that was suited to the social and political climate of the Netherlands; born Haarlem (1595), died Huis Randenbroek, near Amersfoort (1657).

Peter Campener – see Peter de Kempener

Campi

Italian dynasty of painters from Cremona, active there and in Milan during the 16th century.

Giulio Campi

Italian architect and painter who combined elements of the styles of Raphael and Coreggio and founded a school of his own at Cremona; his numerous paintings include portraits, classical and religious subjects; born Cremona (p. 1507), died Cremona (1573); son of the artist Galeazzo Campi (ca1475-1536); brother of Cavaliere Antonio Campi (ca1536-1591), Vincenzo Campi (1532-1591) and Bernardino Campi (1522 – ca 1590) – all artists.

Peter Candid [Pietro di Pietro Candido, Pieter de Witte] (ca 1548-1628)

Netherlandish painter, tapestry designer and draughtsman, active in Italy and Germany; one of several Italian-trained Mannerist artists employed by the courts of Europe; the leading figure in Munich from 1600 to 1628; born Bruges (ca 1548), died Munich (1628).

Antonio Canova

Italian sculptor, painter, draughtsman and architect; the most influential sculptor of the Neoclassical movement who often combined a classicising format with a naturalistic presentation of features; he worked for a galaxy of European notables; born Possagno (1757), died Venice (1822).

Simone Cantarini, 'Il Pesarese'

Italian painter and engraver who developed a highly original style, which united aspects of Bolognese classicism with a bold naturalism; born Pesaro (1612), died Verona (1648).

Gustav Jakob Canton (1828-1885), German

Estella Canziani (1887-1964)

Italian-born artist working in England where she was an active member of the Folk-Lore Society; her works include portraits, landscapes, and illustrations drawn from fantasy and folklore; born Milan (1887), died London (1964); daughter of the fairy painter Louisa Starr.

Francesco Capella, called 'il Daggiù'

Italian painter; born Venice (1711), died Bergamo (1784).

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Italian painter of great originality and influence, regarded by many as an 'evil genius'; early works are usually small pictures of non-dramatic subjects, still-life, and a distinctly homo-erotic character; later works mainly large-scale religious pictures; born Caravaggio (1571); died Port Ercole (1609/1610).

Taborda Vlame Frey Carlos (fl.1517-1540), Dutch.

Adriaen Carpentier (op. 1739-1778), French

Giovanni Cariani = Giovanni Busi

Vittore Carpaccio

Italian painter, a specialist in teleri, the large narrative paintings on canvas which adorned the scuole – charitable confraternities characteristic of Venice; born Venice (1460/5), died Venice (1525/6).

Giulio Carpione [Carpioni]

Italian painter and etcher, known for religious mythological, allegorical paintings and decorative friezes, but his most original works are his small bacchanals, indebted to Titian and to Testa, whom he interpreted with wit and a melancholy charm; active predominantly in Verona, also in Venice and Padua; born Venice (1611), died Verona (1674).

Agostino Carracci

Italian (Bolognese) painter, engraver and draughtsman; the moving spirit of the Bolognese school; born Bologna (1557), died Parma (1602); brother of Annibale (1560-1609) and cousin to Lodovico (1555-1619).

Annibale Carracci

Italian (Bolognese) painter, draughtsman and printmaker, considered one of the greatest Italian painters of his age; his eclectic style is said to have rescued the great traditions of Italian art, from Giotto to Raphael, from the twin evils of Mannerism on the one hand and unbridled realism on the other; he painted in a number of genres including mythological, biblical and landscape scenes and caricature (of which he is said to have been the first exponent); born 1560, died 1609; brother of Agostino (1557-1602), and cousin to Lodovico (1555-1619).

Ludovico [Lodovico] Carracci

Italian painter, draghtsman, etcher and printmaker, noted for his religious compositions and for the art academy he helped found in Bologna in 1582, which helped renew Italian art in the wake of Mannerism; his later work became overblown and eccentric, displaying a curious ‘gigantism’; born Bologna (1555), died Bologna (1619); cousin to Annibale (1560-1609) and Agostino (1557-1602).

Michiel Carree

17th century Dutch artist active in Den Haag; son of Franziskus Carree.

Cristoforo Caselli [Castelli] (da Parma) [called 'Il Temperelli' or 'Il Temperello"] (1461 – before 1520), Italian

Italian painter of religious works which were characterised by an individual narrative style; born Parma (ca 1461), died Parma (before 1521).

Nicola Casissa (op. 1730), Italian

Francesco Cassone (19th century), Italian

Luis Pereira da Costa

Portuguese woodcarver and decorator; 18th century.

Bellerophonte Castaldi

Italian theorbo player from Modena; born ca 1581, died 1649.

Abdón Castañeda

Spanish painter; born ca 1580, died Valencia (1629).

Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (by name Il Grechetto, French Le Benèdette)

Italian artist, equally at home on an intimate scale and in monumental works, in rustic, genre and in the grand manner; his works abound in animals; inventor of the monotype technique – a single print made from an unincised cooper plate painted in oils or printer's ink; born Genoa (1609), died Mantua (1670).

Luigi Catani

Italian decorative painter and stuccoist; known for his monochrome depictions of historical and mythological themes; born Prato (1762); died 1840.

Sigismondo Caula

Italian artist; born Modena (1637), died ca 1694.

Louis de Caullery

Flemish artist; born ? Courtray (before 1582), died Antwerp (1621/22).

Bartolomeo Cavarozzi [del Crescenzi]

Italian painter, active also in Spain; born Viterbe (ca 1600), died Rome (1625).

Cecco del Caravaggio = Francesco Buoneri

Cenni di Francesco di Ser Cenni

Italian painter and manuscript illuminator, noted for his eclectic style, his use of perspective to create depth, his strong sense of narrative, and his often elongated figures; active 1369-1415.

Giovanni [Gian] Domenico [Perugino, Cavaliere] Cerrini

Italian painter and draughtsman whose work is characterised throughout by clear and unitary composition, the almost statuesque postures of the figures, and a chiaroscuro softness; born Pérouse (1609), died Rome (1681).

Carlo Ceresa

Italian artist; known for his distinguished portraits, religious subjects; born San Giovanni Bianco, near Bergamo (1609), died Bergamo (1679).

Giacomo [Jacop] Ceruti [il Pitocchetto] (1698-1767), Italian

Italian painter, one of a group of artists working in Bergamo and Brescia who observed reality with an unusual freshness and directness; painted religious subjects and portraits but was most distinguished as a painter of genre and low-life scenes which included many pictures of beggars and vagabonds ( pitocchi), hence his nickname ‘il Pitocchetto’; born Milan (1698), died Milan (1767).

Amidano Giulio Cesare – see Sisto Rossa Badalocchio

Bartolomeo Cessi

Italian painter and draughtsman, possibly also a sculptor, known for his religious frescos and paintings in a sober devotional style; born Bologna (1556), died Bologna (1629).

Marc Chagall [Mark Zakharovich Shagal]

Russian-born artist, book-illustrator and designer of stained glass and theatrical costumes, active mainly in Paris and later in the USA; he combined images from the Jewish life and folklore of his native Russia with those from the Bible to create a highly distinctive style remarkable for its sense of fantasy; born Pestkovatik, Belorussia (1887), died Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (1985).

Thomas Chambars – see Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Jerome François Chantereau [Chanterau or Chantreau] (ca 1710-1757), French

Jeanne Norman Chase

Contemporary American (US) etcher, painter, printmaker working in California. Web Page

Joseph Christian (18th century), German

Joseph Christophe (1661-1748), French

Petrus Christus [or Cristus or Christophorus]

Flemish painter who became the leading painter in Bruges after the death of Jan van Eyck in 1441, and thus kept the late Gothic style alive in the Netherlands; born Baerle-Duc [now Baarle-Hertog] (ca 1410), died Bruges (1475-1476).

Conte Carlo Cignani

Italian painter and draughtsman who bore the title of Conte and, it was said, 'always worked for glory, not for need’; the leading master in Bologna during the later decades of the 17th century; the gentle manner and reflective, intimate mood of his work marks a break with the more energetic style of earlier Bolognese classicism; born Bologna (1628), died Forlì (1719).

Lodovico Cigoli [Lodovico Cardi; il Cigoli]

Italian painter, draughtsman, architect and scenographer; one of the most influential artists in 17th-century who introduced a new clarity and naturalism which led to the distinctively Florentine baroque style; born Castello di Cigoli, near San Miniato (1559), died Rome (1613).
  • Adoration of the Shepherds (ca 1601-1602), oil on canvas, 98.5 × 61 cm, Lodovico Cigoli (1559-1613). Hartford: Wadsworth Atheneum. Ref. Zafran (2004: 54-55, pl. - col.) At centre-right a shepherd boy with puffed cheeks lays a small cylindrical duct-flute, and an old bearded shepherd next to him holds a lamb with its legs tied, a basket of eggs beside him – all symbolic details. The window/labium of the pipe is clearly depicted, and the young lad plays with all fingers down, except finger 6, with the right hand uppermost. The little finger of the lowermost (left) hand appears to be in a hole-covering position, but higher up, although the fingers are down, two finger-holes are fully visible under the right hand and one partly under the left-hand.

    • Cima da Conegliano [Giovanni Battista]

    Italian painter, named after the town of his birth; known for his quiet devotional scenes, often in landsape settings, in the manner of Giovanni Bellini; sometimes called 'the poor man's Bellini', but because of his calm and weighty figures he was also known in the 18th century as 'the Venetian Mascaccio'; born Conegliano (ca 1459), died ?Conegliano (1517/18).

    Michelangelo Cinganelli (1580-ca 1635), Italian

    Antonio Ciocci [Cioci] (op. 1722-ca 1792), Italian

    Giacomo-Francesco Cipper (or Zippa), called 'Il Todeschino' [or 'Todeschini']

    Austrian-born artist active in Italy; celebrated for his paintings of scenes from everyday life; born Feldkirch or Bregenz (?1664), died Milan (1736).

    Pieter Claesz. or Claese (also called Pieter Claexz. van Haarlem)

    Dutch painter who achieved a striking simplicity and atmospheric quality in still-life representations, many of which represent magnified sections of objects found 'accidentally' on the corner of a table, such as a knife, a plate of fruit, a piece of cut cake, or even a gutted fish; born in Burgsteinfurt, Westphalia (ca 1597/8), died Haarlem (1661).

    Jacques de Claeuw [Jacques Grief]

    Dutch artist; born Dordrecht (ca 1620), died after 1694.

    Jaques Claramunt (contemporary)

    Greg Clarke

    Contemporary US book, magazine and comic illustrator who works in watercolor or oils to create sophisticated characters in humorous yet heartfelt situations.

    Claude Gellée (Gellee or Gillee) [called Claude Lorrain(e), or Le Lorrain(e)]

    French painter, draughtsman and etcher, active in Rome; best known for, and one of the greatest masters of, ideal-landscape painting, an art form that seeks to present a view of nature more beautiful and harmonious than nature itself; his distinctive contribution to the ideal-landscape genre was to use light as the principal means both of unifying the composition and of lending beauty to the landscape; he was also able to introduce into the artificial formula, to an unusual degree, effects studied from nature; born Chamagne near Mirecourt, Lorraine(1600), died Rome (1682).

    William J.M. Clayton

    Contemporary British painter of still-lifes.

    Clement de Jonghe – See Paulus Pieterz. Potter

    Hendrick de Clerck

    Flemish painter and draughtsman; court painter to the governors of the southern Netherlands; born (?1570), died Brussels (1630).

    Joos van (or Joos van (der Beke) Cleve (or Cleef)

    Netherlandish artist dentified with Master of the Death of the Virgin; born Antwerp (1480-1490), died 1540/1541.

    Francis [Franz] Cleyn

    German-born painter, designer, illustrator and printmaker; named court painter by James I of England in 1624, and designer of the famous Mortalke tapestries, also produced a small number of etchings; born Rostock, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1582), died London (1658).

    John Closterman (also spelled Cloosterman, or Klosterman)

    German portraitist who painted in Paris, England and at the Spanish court; born Osnabrück, Germany (1656), died London (1711); older brother .of John Baptist Closterman.

    John Cluer

    English engraver, printer and publisher who introduced the use of engraving on pewter rather than copper plates; died 1728.

    Hieronymous Cock

    Netherlandish painter active in Antwerp; born ca 1510, died 1570; son of Jan Wellens de Cock (died ca 1526). See also Frans Floris.

    Jan Wellens de Cock

    Netherlandish painter, active in Antwerp; a shadowy figure, noteworthy as one of the earliest followers of Bosch; his penchant seems to have been for small pictures of hermits and saints in weird landscapes, but known in his day for landscapes; active from 1506 to before ca 1529; father of painters Matthys (ca 1509-1548) and Hieronymus (ca 1510-1570).

    Jean Cocteau

    French artist and writer, who made his name widely known in poetry, fiction, film, ballet, painting, and opera; his works reflect the influence of surrealism, psychoanalysis, cubism, Catholic Religion, and the use of opium; he was a promoter of avant-garde styles and fashions; born Paris (1889), died Milly, near Paris (1963).

    Pieter Jacobtz Codde

    Dutch painter of small, cheerful pictures of officers, carousing in guard-rooms or dissolute ladies and gentleman enjoying themselves, as well as portraits, genre scenes and history paintings; born Amsterdam (1599), died Amsterdam (1678).

    Pieter Coecke (Cock; Coeck; Coeke; Kock; Koecke) van Aelst [van Alost]

    Flemish painter, sculptor, architect, weaver and designer of woodcuts, stained glass and tapestries; commissioned by Pope Leo X to make a series of tapestries illustrating the Acts of the Apostles from cartoons produced between 1514 and 1516 by Raphael (1483-1520), worked in Antwerp and Brussels; born Aelst [now Aalst] (1502), died Brussels (1556).

    Marcellus Coffermans (op. 1530 - p. 1578), Flemish

    Evert [Pietersz.] (also Edwaert/Edwart/Evaert/) Collier (Colÿer/Collyer/Colyer/Kollier/Coleyn etc.)

    Dutch painter, possibly of English descent; works include vanitas still-lifes and trompes l’oeil; born Breda (ca 1640), died ? London (1710).

    John Collier [Tim Bobbin, pseudonym] (1708-1786)

    Lancashire dialect writer and village school master of Milnrow, near Rochdale; born 1708), died Rochdale (1786).

    Angelo-Michele Colonna & Agostino Mitelli

    Colonna (1600-1687) and Mitelli (1609-1660) were the leading specialists in quadratura (the pictorial extension of a wall, a form of illusionist painting), virtually monopolising such commissions throughout Italy; by training a large school in their decorative style, they lay the foundation for its development in the 18th century.

    Paulus de Collonia (13th century), German

    Jean Columbe [Colombe]

    French illuminator, who completed the famous Trés Riches Heures manuscript commenced by the Limburg brothers; born 1440, died ?1493; brother of Michel Columbe.

    Michele di Luca dei Coltellini [Cortellini]

    Italian painter of religious works of great fervour; also collaborated with his sons Alessandro, Galasso and Baldassarre, who were maskmakers; born Ferrara (ca 1480), died after 1543.

    Johann Amos Comenius (18th century), German (Nuremburg)

    Charles Compton

    British artist and civil servant; born 1828, died 1884.

    Gillis van Coninxloo [Koningsloo]

    Netherlandish painter and draughtsman; his works include tapestry cartoons and panoramic landscapes populated by biblical or mythological pesonages; born Antwerp (1544, died 1607.

    Benjamin Cooke

    Juan de Coorduba (fl. 1665 – 1702), ? Austrian

    Adriaen [Adrian] Coorte

    Dutch painter of still-lifes, including increasingly complicated representations of flowers, fruit, vegetables and shells; born ? Middelburg (? 1660), died ? Middelburg (after 1707).

    Alexander Coosemans

    Flemish artist; painted Pronk still-lifes, still-lifes with flowers and fruit, vanitas still-lifes and still-lifes in the open; there are also a few still-lifes with cartouches adorned with garlands of fruit and flowers; born Antwerp (1627), died Antwerp (1689).

    Pere Compte

    Spanish engineer and architect; born Valencia, died Valencia (1506).

    Gonzales Coques

    Flemish specialist in small-scale, fashionable genre painting and portraiture; born 1614/18, died 1684.

    Johann Baptist Corlando [or Churland] (late 17th century), German

    Michel II Corneille the Younger (1641-1708), French

    The most successful member of a French family of artists; a prolific painter and engraver who concentrated on religious pictures for both private and ecclesiastical patrons; born Paris (1642), died Paris (1708); son of Michel Corneille I, brother of Jean-Baptiste Corneille.

    (Jean-Baptiste-)Camille Corot

    French realist painter, draughtsman and printmaker; his works are mainly landscapes and arcadian scenes, though later in his career he also turned to figure painting and portraits; his output was prolific and he has been said to be the most forged of painters; born Paris (1796), died Paris (1875).

    Correggio (Antonio Allegri)

    Italian Renaissance painter of the school of Parma whose innovations in depicting space, movement, and supernatural lighting effects anticipated the Baroque style; his paintings are characterised by vehemence, sensuality and technical boldness; active in Correggio and Parma; born Correggio (1489/94), died Correggio (1534).

    Cornelis Cornelisz. van Haarlem

    Dutch painter and draughtsman who became city painter of Haarlem and received numerous commissions from the town corporation; besides conventional religious and mythological subjects, he produced a few portraits as well as kitchen scenes and still-lifes; born Haarlem (1562), died Haarlem (1638).

    Cornelisz. van Amsterdam – see Jacob Cornelisz. van Oostsanen

    Cornelius [Cornelio] Cort [ Kort or van Hoorn]

    North Netherlandish engraver and draughtsman, active in Flanders and Italy; developed a bold and strongly modelled sculptural style of engraving, particularly successful in reproducing the Italianate figure compositions of Frans Floris (after whom he engraved more than 50 prints) and compositions by Maarten van Heemskerck, Andrea del Sarto, Rogier van der Weyden and others; born Hoorn, near Alkmaar (1533), died Rome (before 1578).

    Pietro da Cortona [original name Pietro Berrettini]

    Italian architect, painter, and decorator, an outstanding exponent of Baroque style who painted frescos and easel-pictures on religious, mythological and allegorical themes; born Cortona, Tuscany (1596), died Rome (1669).

    Pietro Cortona

    Italian painter, draughtsman and architect, amongst the leading artists of the Roman Baroque. As a painter he developed the early Baroque style, initiated by Annibale Carracci, to a magnificent and imposing High Baroque; his fresco decorations set a standard for European Baroque painting until they were eclipsed by Giambattista Tiepolo’s works and those of other Venetian masters of the 18th century; as an architect Cortona was less influential; born Cortona (1596), died Rome (1669).

    Francesco del Cossa

    Italian painter of religious and allegorical subjects who, with Cosimo Tura, co-founded a new school of painting at Padua and exercised a profound influence on the course of Bolognese painting; born in Ferrara (ca 1435) and died Bologna (ca 1477).

    Antonio Cossetti

    Italian intarsiatore; born Vicenza (ca 1674), died Ancona (1754).

    Jan Cossiers [Coetsiers or Cotsiers] or possibly Simon Cossiers (early 17th century)

    Flemish painter and draughtsman; born Antwerp (1600) died Antwerp (1671).

    Lorenzo Costa

    Italian painter of the school of Ferrara-Bologna, notable as one of the first Ferrarese artists to adopt a soft, atmospheric style of painting which he applied to subjects of Court history and religion; born Ferrara (ca 1460), died Mantua (1535).

    Adam de Coster

    Flemish Caravagesque artist; born Mecheln (1586), died Antwerp (1643).

    Hendrick Coster

    Dutch artist working in Arnehm; active 1652; died 1659.

    Jean Cousin II

    French artist whose works are inextricably confused with those of his father; born ? Sens (ca 1522), died ? Paris (ca 1594); son of Jean Cousin I (ca 1500-ca 1560).

    Robert Couturier

    French sculptor; born Angoulême, Charente (1905).

    David Cowles

    US artist living in Rochester; known for his Picasso-like caricatures and pop-music record covers.

    Antoine Coypel (1661-1722), French

    French painter and interior decorator, strongly influenced by the theatre, an important influence in encouraging the Baroque style in French art; born Paris (1661), died Paris (1722).

    Dirck (Petersz.) Crabeth

    Netherlandish stained glass and tapestry designer; active Gouda (1520), died Gouda (1574).

    Wouter Pietersz. Crabeth II (ca 1595-1644), Dutch

    Dutch painter from a family of artists; worked in the Caravaggesque style; born Gouda (ca 1594), died Gouda (1644); grandson of Wouter Crabeth I. (op. 1599- 1589)

    Joos van Craesbeek [Craesbeke]

    Flemish painter; born Neerlinter (? 1605/6), died Brussels (1654/61).

    Lucas Cranach, the Elder (original name possibly Lucas Müller or Sunder)

    German artist of considerable influence in the 16th century whose vast output includes altarpieces, court portraits and portraits, innumerable pictures of women--elongated female nudes and fashionably dressed ladies with titles from the Bible or mythology; active in southern Germany and Austria; born Cranach, now Kronach (1472), died Weimar (1553).

    Robert Crawford (contemporary), USA

    Benedetto Crespi [known as Bustino], Italian (17th century)

    Daniele Crespi

    Italian painter and draughtsman; the most original artist working in Milan in the 1620s, the first to break with the wilfully exaggerated manner of Lombard Mannerism and to develop an early Baroque style, distinguished by clarity of form and content; his style, both as a painter and as a draughtsman, is a fusion of Lombard and Emilian sources; born ?Milan (1597–1600), died Milan (1630).

    Giuseppe Maria Crespi [lo Spagnuolo]

    Italian painter, draughtsman and printmaker whose religious and mythological works are distinguished by a free brushstroke and a painterly manner; also painted spirited genre scenes, which by their quality, content and quantity distinguish him as one of the first Italian painters of high standing to devote serious attention to the depiction of contemporary life; born Bologna (1665), died Bologna (1747).

    Ortensio Crespi

    Italian painter; born Milan (1578), died before 1631.

    Domenico Cresti ['il Cresti', 'il Passignano', 'il Passignani' or 'Passa Ognuno']

    Italian painter and frescoist whose works include religious subjects and portraits, including one of his friend, Galileo; although a Florentine by birth, he belongs to the Venetian school; his nick-name 'Passo Ognuno' is a reference to the rapidity of his painting as well as a play on the name of his birthplace; born Passignano (ca 1560), died Florence (ca 1636).

    Donato Creti

    Italian painter and draughtsman whose individual and poetic art represents the last significant expression of the classical/idealist strain in Bolognese painting; painted decorative frescoes, altarpieces and easel pictures for private collectors; his work is characterised by a perfected finesse of handling and poetic suggestiveness of situation and mood; he was a prolific draughtsman with a distinct personal manner, who drew for pleasure as well as to prepare his compositions, usually using a quill-pen and producing shadowing by hatching; born Cremona (1671), died Bologna (1749).

    Petrus II Cristus (1479- p. 1530), Flemish

    Jean Crokaert (18th century), Dutch

    Jean-Baptiste de Croziers (late 17th century), French

    Giovanni Antonio Cucchi (1690-1771), Italian

    Pierre Culliford – see Peyo

    Francesco Currai (1570-1661), Italian (Florentine)

    Domenico Custos [or de Coster or Custodis] (p.1550-1612), Netherlandish

    Aelbert Jacobsz(oon) Cuyp (also spelled Cuijp)

    Dutch painter known for his peaceful landscapes of the Dutch countryside, distinguished for their poetic use of light and atmosphere; born Dordrecht (1620), died Dordrecht (1691); the son and probably the pupil of Jacob Gerritsz Cuyp.

    Benjamin Gerritsz Cuyp

    Dutch painter noted principally for paintings of biblical and genre scenes which use Rembrandtesque light and shadow effects; born Dordrecht (1612), died Dordrecht (1652); half-brother of Jacob Gerritsz Cuyp.

    Jacob Gerritsz Cuyp (also spelled Cuijp)

    Dutch painter, best known for his portraits, born Dordrecht (1594), died Dordrecht (1651); half-brother of Benjamin Gerritsz Cuyp, and father of Aelbert Jacobsz(oon) Cuyp.

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