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    Last modified: Sunday, 15 April 12:58 pm 2012

    x-51A Blast off
    x-51A Blast off x-51A Jetison 45, ft

    Hypersonic Waveriders

      Hypersonic flight is flight through the atmosphere at speeds above Mach— 5.5(5.5 Ma =6732 kmh¹) or more than five times the speed of sound, 1224km/h or Mach—1, (1 Ma =1224 kmh¹) or 760mp/h (1 Ma =760.5583392985 mph¹). Temperatures on the surface of an object travelling at Mach— 5 can reach 1000° C (1800° F) at Mach—8 the temperatures can reach 2700° C at the leading edge and 3000° C in the engine combustion chamber.

    NASA Facts: 'Mach Number' was named after the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach. Mach–1 is the speed of sound, which is approximately 760.5583392985 mp/h (1 Ma = 1224 kmh¹) at sea level. An airplane flying less than Mach–1 is traveling at subsonic speeds, faster than Mach–1 would be supersonic speeds and Mach–2 would be twice the speed of sound.


      Year of 2010 has seen the Birthing(beginning) of Hypersonic Flight(Waveriders), 2010 will be remembered as “The year of Hypersonic Flight” April is was the Goldern Month for Waveriders of 2010 with DARPA's Falcon HTV–2 †, USAF's X–37B and X–51A Waveriders. Not all tests had Positive results.
    Now October may be remembered as the “Goldern Month” of Hypersonic Flight 2010. Already Hypersonic Flight(Waveriders) is an infant with the Virgin Group, Virgin Galactic's Manned Glider return from its Mothership VMS Eve(WhiteKnightTwo) from 45,000 ft on October 10th, piloted by Pete Siebold, assisted by Mike Alsbury as co–pilot.


    Hybrid rockets:

    A hybrid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine which uses propellants in two different states of matter - one solid and the other either gas or liquid.

    hybrid rocket example 600

    America

    2010: November 11


    Buried radial flow stereolithographic rocket motor

    A Rocket Engine that uses stereolithography to Print Its Own Fuel;
    A hybrid rocket motor is manufactured by photopolymerizing the solid fuel grain in a stereolithography method, wherein fuel grains in a plastic matrix are deposited in layers for building a solid fuel rocket body in three dimensions for improved performance and for a compact design, the hybrid rocket motor including buried radial channels for defining a desired burn profile including the oxidizer to fuel burn ratio.
    FIG.1: view of an undulating radial channel solid fuel stereolithographic rocket motor.
    FIG.2: view of a parallel radial channel solid fuel stereolithographic rocket motor.
    FIG.3: view of a buried radial channel solid fuel stereolithographic rocket motor.

    undulating radial channel solid fuel stereolithographic rocket motor parallel radial channel solid fuel stereolithographic rocket motor buried radial channel solid fuel stereolithographic rocket motor

    A Rocket Engine that Prints Its Own Fuel
    Hybrid Rockets Ready to Go the Distance



    Work in Progress

    America

    2011: March 5


    Orbital Test Vehicle–2 launch OTV–2

    United Launch Alliance– Second
    X–37B (OTV–2)

    By Master Sgt. Amaani Lyle Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs 5 Mar 2011 – CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, Fla. (AFNS) ––In the latest step to improve space capability and further develop an affordable, reusable space vehicle, Air Force technicians launched the second X–37B here March 5, officials said. The Orbital Test Vehicle–2 launch comes on the heels of the successful flight of OTV–1, which made an autonomous landing at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., Dec. 3 after 224 days in space.
    According to officials, post–flight analysis of OTV–1 revealed OTV–2 needed no significant changes, but detailed assessments of the first mission are ongoing.
    “Launch is a very demanding business and having what appears to be a successful launch is always welcome news,” said Deputy Under Secretary of the Air Force for Space Programs Richard McKinney, adding he is pleased with the vehicle's initial status reports. “It is important to remember that this is an experimental vehicle; that this is just the second launch; and that we have just started what is a very systematic checkout of the system.”

    ..... read on

    America

    2010: December 3


    First Landing Photos: Secret X–37B Robot Space Plane Lands in Calif

    X-37b Space Plane-2b  The U.S. Air Force's mysterious X–37B robot space plane returned to Earth today (Dec. 3) with a successful landing at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California before sunrise.
    Air Force officials hailed the unmanned X–37B space plane's successful landing, though its mission remains shrouded in secrecy because of its classified nature. But Vandenberg's 30th Space Wing did not shy from snapping photos of the X–37B vehicle, known as the Orbital Test Vehicle 1.

    X–37B Lands at Vandenberg AFBase–

    X–37B Landing night view media release



    Virgin Group

    2010: October 10


    VSS Enterprise Completes First Manned Glide Flight

    VSS Enterprise released from Eve  VSS Enterprise achieves manned free flight from over 45,000 ft (13,700 metres) and successfully glides to land at Mojave Air and Spaceport......
    During its first flight the spaceship was piloted by Pete Siebold, assisted by Mike Alsbury as co–pilot. The two main goals of the flight were to carry out a clean release of the spaceship from its mothership and for the pilots to free fly and glide back and land at Mojave Air and Space Port in California.
    Other detailed objectives of the flight were successfully completed, including; verification that all systems worked prior and following the clean release of Enterprise; initial evaluation of handling and stall characteristics; qualitative evaluation of stability and control of SS2 against predictions from design and simulation work; verification of performance by evaluating the lift–to–drag ratio of the spaceship during glide flight; practice a landing approach at altitude and finally descend and land.
    Virgin Group Port Preparations for the milestone flight were extensive. The WhiteKnightTwo mothership (Eve) flew 40 times including 4 captive carry flights of spaceship and mothership mated together. The most recent captive carry was on Sept 30th. The most recent solo flight was on October 5th and demonstrated that all the systems required for a free flight by the VSS Enterprise were functioning correctly without any safety issues. Commenting on the successful flight Scaled Composites pilot, Pete Siebold, said “The VSS Enterprise was a real joy to fly, especially when one considers the fact that the vehicle has been designed not only to be a Mach 3.5 spaceship capable of going into space but also one of the worlds highest altitude gliders.”
    Sir Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Group, who was present during the first successful flight, added “This was one of the most exciting days in the whole history of Virgin. For the first time since we seriously began the project in 2004, I watched the world's first manned commercial spaceship landing on the runway at Mojave Air and Space Port and it was a great moment. Now, the sky is no longer the limit and we will begin the process of pushing beyond to the final frontier of space itself over the next year.”

  • SpaceShipOne Schematic rocket motor

    SpaceShipOne-hybrid rocket
  • Virgin have a nice day

  • America

    2010: May 26


    Boeing X—51A WaveRider Breaks Record in 1st Flight

    Boeing, Press release: Boeing X–51A WaveRider Breaks Record in 1st Flight

    U.S Air Force, Press release: X–51A Waverider makes historic hypersonic flight

    X–51A, Length: 26 ft in (7.9 m), Empty weight: 4,000 lb (1,814 kg), Maximum speed: Mach–7+

    x-51A Blast off

      EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, Calif:51A Waverider on lift In its first flight attempt, the Boeing X–51A WaveRider today successfully completed the longest supersonic combustion ramjet–powered flight in history — nearly three and a half minutes at a top speed of Mach 5.
    The unmanned aerial vehicle was released from a U.S. Air Force B–52H bomber off the southern California coast around 10 a.m. today. It flew autonomously for more than 200 seconds, powered by its Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) motor, as it transmitted telemetry data to ground stations. Something then occurred that caused the vehicle to lose acceleration. At that point, the X–51A was terminated as planned.
    "The technology proven today is something The Boeing Company has worked on for the past seven years," said Alex Lopez, vice president of Advanced Network & Space Systems, a division of Boeing Phantom Works. "It is thrilling to be a part of history and advance hypersonic science to the next level. Boeing is looking forward to transitioning the technology to operation in the near term, but for now, we are exhilarated."
    Even before analyzing the terabytes of telemetry data transmitted by the X–51A during flight, Air Force officials called the test an unqualified success.
    "We are ecstatic to have accomplished many of the X–51A test points during its first hypersonic mission," said Charlie Brink, X–51A program manager with the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright–Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. "This gives us huge confidence. We built four test vehicles to get a successful flight, and we hit many of our goals right out of the gate, the first time around."
    The X–51A was carried aloft under the left wing of an Air Force Flight Test Center B–52H Stratofortress that took off from Edwards Air Force Base. It was released while flying at approximately 50,000 feet over the Point Mugu Naval Air Warfare Center Sea Range. Four seconds later, a solid rocket booster from a U.S. Army tactical missile accelerated the X–51A to about Mach 4.5 before it and a connecting interstage were jettisoned. The X–51A's engine ignited on a mix of ethylene and JP–7 jet fuel. After a short period, the X–51A ran exclusively on JP–7 jet fuel. The flight reached an altitude of about 70,000 feet and an approximate speed of Mach 5.

    51A Waverider lab live test

    X–51 Waverider Test Pre-Flight Checks


    X–51A Waverider Test Flight-Check May26 10' #1 by Splatflys

    Courtesy: United States Air Force

    X–51A Waverider Test,Taxi for take off


    X–51A Waverider Test,Taxi for take off, May26...#2 by Splatflys

    Courtesy: United States Air Force

    Test footage of the X–51A Waverider, Test 1 off 4


    X–51A Waverider Test Flight May26 10' #3 by Splatfly

    Courtesy: United States Air Force


    America

    2010: May 21


    X—51A Waverider flight planned for May 25


    x51 waverider artist impression

      WRIGHT–PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Ohio: Weather permitting, Air Force officials said the X—51A Waverider will make its first hypersonic flight test attempt May 25 after it is released from a B—52 Stratofortress off the southern coast of California.
    The unmanned X—51A is expected to fly autonomously for five minutes, powered by a supersonic combustion scramjet engine, accelerating to about Mach 6 and transmitting vast amounts of data to ground stations before breaking up after splashing down into the Pacific, as planned. There are no plans to recover the flight test vehicle, one of four built.
    “In those 300 seconds, we hope to learn more about hypersonic flight with a practical scramjet engine than all previous flight tests combined,” said Charlie Brink, X—51A program manager with the Air Force Research Laboratory's Propulsion Directorate here.




    Israel

    2010: April 24


    Police: Meteor falls on beach


      Unidentified object falls from sky onto beach in Bat Yam, narrowly missing lifeguard booth and causing small fire, witnesses say. Chairman of Astrology Association says object is probably meteorite
    'It kept on burning'
    The lifeguard who saw the meteorite land, Yisrael Rokach, told Ynet: “In the morning, as always, I embarked on a patrol in the water.when I returned towards the beach I spotted a small object landing from above and starting to burn.” “At first I didn't understand what happened; I thought someone threw it down from above,” the lifeguard said. “When I got closer I saw a small object that kept on burning and smoking. I immediately called my fellow lifeguards, who didn't believe me. They came down and at the same time we called the police.”



    America

    2010: April 23


    DARPA's HTV–2 Didn't Phone Home

    Falcon HTV–2 Launch Tests Hypersonic Vehicle Flight Capabilities

    Falcon HTV 2

      Vandenberg AFB, Calif., April 23, 2010 ... The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) announced that it launched its Falcon Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 (HTV–2) at 16:00 PDT yesterday.
    Preliminary review of technical data indicates the Minotaur Lite launch system successfully delivered the Falcon HTV–2 glide vehicle to the desired separation conditions. The launch vehicle executed first of its kind energy management maneuvers, clamshell payload fairing release and HTV–2 deployment. Approximately 9 minutes into the mission, telemetry assets experienced a loss of signal from the HTV–2. An engineering team is reviewing available data to understand this event.
    This flight represents many historic firsts for both the launch system and the HTV–2 vehicle. Three test ranges, six sea–based and two airborne telemetry collection assets were employed and operational on the day of launch.
    Technical data collected during the flight will provide insight into the hypersonic flight characteristics of the HTV–2.
    DARPA's Falcon HTV–2 program objective is developing and testing an unmanned, rocket–launched, maneuverable, hypersonic air vehicle that glides through the Earth's atmosphere at incredibly fast speeds-up to Mach 20. The key technical challenges of the HTV–2 program are the design and testing of an innovative high lift–to–drag aerodynamic shape, advanced lightweight but tough thermal protection structures, materials and fabrication technologies, autonomous hypersonic navigation guidance and control systems, and an autonomous flight safety system.


    America

    2010: October 11


    ‘Secret’ X–37B Space Plane Disappears Again

    The game between the United States Air Force and amateur satellite trackers continues: the unmanned X–37B space plane – a classified project of the Air Force – has changed orbit once again, leaving those that monitor the flyovers of the space plane scrambling to locate it once again.
    The X–37B was launched on April 22nd, 2010 on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and has been orbiting the Earth ever since. During the period between July 29th and August 14th of this year, the plane changed its orbit and forced the amateurs that monitor the satellite to find it again, and recalculate its orbital path. According to Spaceweather.com yesterday, the X–37B has once again changed its location. It did not pass over at the expected time on the nights of October 7th and October 9th.


    America

    2010: April 20


    DARPA's Falcon HTV–2 (Mach–20 and above)

    DARPA Falcon HTV–2 Hypersonic Vehicle to Launch from Vandenberg on Tuesday


    Program Objective:
      DARPA's Falcon HTV–2 program objective is to create new technological options that enable capabilities that address urgent threats to our national security. The program is developing and testing an unmanned, rocket–launched, maneuverable, hypersonic air vehicle that glides through the Earth's atmosphere, at incredibly fast speeds, Mach—20 and above.

    Falcon HTV 2

    America

    2010: April 22


    Air Force X—37B Space–Plane

    Air Force Launches Secretive X—37B Space Plane on Mystery Mission


    The United States Air Force's secretive X—37B robotic space plane blasted off from Florida late Thursday on a mystery mission shrouded in secrecy for the U.S. military.
    The unmanned military Orbital Test Vehicle 1 (OTV–1) – also known as the X—37B – lifted off at 7:52 p.m. EDT (2352 GMT) atop an Atlas 5 rocket on a mission that is expected to take months testing new spacecraft technologies.
    The X—37B is a reusable robotic space plane built by Boeing Phantom Works. Its mission is being carried out under the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office with participation by NASA

    Launch of the X—37B on Atlas V 501, April 22 10'

    X-37b Space Plane-2b

    Amateur skywatchers spot secret space plan

    X-37B Heavens Above

      While the U.S. Air Force is mum about the orbital whereabouts of its X–37B mini–space plane, a dedicated band of amateur skywatchers has got its cross–hairs on the spacecraft.
    The unpiloted X–37B Orbital Test Vehicle 1 was lofted on April 22 atop an Atlas launcher. It is being flown under the auspices of the U.S. Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office.
    In U.S. military tracking parlance, when the space plane reached orbit it became identified as Catalog Number 36514, 2010–015A, OTV–1 (USA 212). From there it entered a cone of silence regarding any on–orbit duties.
    But thanks to a worldwide eyes–on–the–sky network of amateurs, the spacecraft is reportedly in a 39.99 degrees inclination, circling the Earth in an orbit 401 kilometers by 422 kilometers (251 by 264 miles). This data may change slightly as the vehicle's orbit is better refined, said Greg Roberts of Cape Town, South Africa, a pioneer in using telescopic video cameras to track spacecraft, chalking up exceptional results over the years.
    Absolute confidence, Roberts said that those sighting the craft have ‘absolute confidence’ in their observations, claiming no chance of it being anything else. ‘The fact that we have now seen it several times confirms that the orbit we have is very close to the real orbit - perhaps an error of a few kilometers or so at most,’ he told Space.com.

    View the Secret X-37B mini-space plane

    Register at Heavens Above.com to track the orbit of the X–37B mini–space plane for viewing points from your location



    Hypersonic Waveriders

    X–37A

    x-37a carryed in flight

    X–40A

    X-40a in flight
    animated pic X-xx with solar panels

    Air Force X–37B Space–Plane

    Air Force X-37B Space-Plane

    X–37B

    X37b_spaceplane


    more......Boeing X–37 / X–40 pictures.


    America

    2010: April 20 – 27


    U.S. Hypersonics Could Hinge On X–51 Tests


      Hypersonic proponents worldwide will eagerly watch two long–awaited technology demonstrations starting with the imminent first flight attempt for the X–51 Waverider, to be followed within a month by the first flight of the Falcon HTV–2 hypersonic test vehicle.X-51 loaded
    Successful flights for both are seen as critical to proving the practicality of hypersonic technology for high–speed weapon, reconnaissance and space–access applications. The X–51 is a Mach 6+vehicle powered by a hydrocarbon fuel–cooled scramjet, and could perform the longest duration air–breathing hypersonic flight in history.The HTV–2 is an unpowered hypersonic glider aimed at gathering rare performance data.
    Researchers say success in at least one of the four planned X–51 flights, the first of which could come as soon as Mar. 18, will reinforce the case for follow–on development. The HTV–2 will be boosted on a Minotaur IV Lite from Vandenberg AFB, Calif., to an impact near the Reagan Test Site at Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. A launch is planned within an 8–day window Apr. 20–27.



    America

    2010: April 19


    Air Force to launch Boeing 'mystery' spacecraft

    Now there's a launch of a robotic spacecraft resembling a small space shuttle

      LOS ANGELES – After a decade of development, the Air Force this month plans to launch a robotic spacecraft resembling a small space shuttle to conduct technology tests in orbit and then glide home to a California runway. The ultimate purpose of the X–37B Orbital Test Vehicle and details about the craft, which has been passed between several government agencies, however, remain a mystery as it is prepared for launch April 19 from Cape Canaveral, Fla.

    Mystery X37b_spaceplane



    America

    2010: March 9


    Air Force to Test New Hypersonic Aircraft:

      The maiden flight of the X–51 Waverider aircraft – the first U.S. hypersonic vehicle to fly in six years – is scheduled to take place later in March. Boeing Defense, Space & Security Systems of St. Louis has been developing the aircraft since 2003 on behalf of the Air Force Research Laboratory and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.



    America

    2010: Febuary 26


    U.S. Air Force Set To Begin X–51 Hypersonic Flight Tests 26/02/10

    Launched from a B52— pre–test

    How Hypersonic Planes Work

    How stuff works Hypersonic-plane

    _________________________


    America

    2010: April 18


    NASA to Launch Cylonesque Robot to International Space Station


      NASA will launch the first human–like robot to space later this year to become a permanent resident of the International Space Station. Robonaut 2, or R2, was developed jointly by NASA and General Motors under a cooperative agreement to develop a robotic assistant that can work alongside humans, whether they are astronauts in space or workers at GM manufacturing plants on Earth.
    The 300–pound R2 consists of a head and a torso with two arms and two hands. R2 will launch on space shuttle Discovery as part of the STS–133 mission planned for September. Once aboard the station, engineers will monitor how the robot operates in weightlessness.


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